GLASGOW 



2506 



GLASGOW 



digested food is then forced through the lower 

 opening of the stomach (pylorus) into the 

 intestine, where the fluids from the liver (bile) 

 and pancreas still further digest; here absorp- 

 tion of the food largely takes place, the intes- 

 tine being lined with cells which perform this 

 work (see ABSORPTION). 



The manufacturing glands are the sweat 

 glands, which draw water from the blood and 

 throw it forth in fine drops on the surface of 

 the skin, in which they are located; the oil 

 glands (sebaceous) which nourish and oil the 

 hair and skin; and finally, the milk (mam- 

 mary) glands, which make milk. 



The protective glands are known as lymph 

 glands, and are distributed over the entire 

 body, becoming swollen and tender when they 

 absorb poison from the blood, for the protec- 

 tion of the rest of the body. A very few 

 glands are closed, or ductless, having no tubes 

 leading into the rest of the system; the thy- 

 roid gland in the neck is tubeless, and on be- 

 coming enlarged causes the disease known as 

 goiter (which see). J.H.K. 



GLASGOW, glas'ko, next to London, is the 

 largest city in Great Britain. It is the great- 

 est and most important city in Scotland, and 

 is situated on both banks of the Clyde, in 

 Lanarkshire. Glasgow enjoys the reputation 



LOCATION OF GLASGOW 



of being the best-governed municipality in the 

 world, and in all matters relating to municipal 

 efficiency and economy it undoubtedly de- 

 serves this rank. When American or Cana- 

 dian cities have wished to investigate munici- 

 pal ownership of public utilities .they have 

 sent delegates to Glasgow to study its system. 

 Under authority granted by special act of 

 Parliament the corporation constitutes what 

 is called a "trust" for each department of city 

 government. The police trust manages the 



police force, the market trust deals with mar- 

 ket needs, and so on. All public utilities are 

 municipally owned and are conducted by ex- 

 perts. The electric street railways, although 

 hours of employees have been reduced and 

 wages raised, with minimum fares of one cent, 

 annually net a profit of over $300,000. The 

 sanitary department includes the board of 

 health; under its skilful management the death 

 rate of the city has been reduced in a few 

 years from thirty-eight per thousand to fif- 

 teen. (The lowest death rates in the United 

 States are at Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Seat- 

 tle, the first two only 11 and the latter 9.8 

 per thousand. The death rate for Toronto, 

 Canada, in average years, is about 12 in a thou- 

 sand.) The municipal lodging houses are mod- 

 els and are conducted so as to help the poor 

 without making paupers of them. During re- 

 cent years, by the abatement of the smoke 

 nuisance, much has also been done to improve 

 the general appearance of the city. Many 

 streets have been widened and unsightly build- 

 ings have been destroyed. Glasgow is excelled 

 in beauty by few British cities. 



Situated in the midst of a district produc- 

 ing an abundance of coal and iron, with a 

 splendid harbor accommodating vessels draw- 

 ing twenty-six feet of water, and with excellent 

 railway communications, Glasgow has many 

 commercial advantages. It is the greatest cen- 

 ter of shipbuilding and its allied industries in 

 the world. The city's exports annually reach a 

 value of nearly $163,000,000, as against imports 

 of $83,000,000. Woolen, cotton, and linen 

 goods, machinery, coal, paper, chemicals and 

 whisky are the chief exports. Imports include 

 raw produets, iron, corn, timber, tobacco and 

 petroleum. The water supply of the city is 

 drawn from Loch Katrine, the lake referred 

 to in Scott's Lady oj the Lake, forty-two miles 

 distant. The cathedral, erected in the twelfth 

 century, is in the early English style of archi- 

 tecture, and is noted for its large and elab- 

 orately decorated crypt. Glasgow was founded 

 in A. D. 560, but did not rise to any impor- 

 tance until about 1116. In 1300 William Wal- 

 lace, the Scotch patriot, defeated the English 

 there, and in the city in 1305 he was betrayed 

 into the hands of his enemies. From the time 

 of the union of Scotland and Ireland in 1707 

 Glasgow has steadily risen in commercial and 

 educational importance. Population in 1911, 

 784,496. 



University of Glasgow, one of the four great 

 seats of learning in Scotland, founded in 1451 



