GORKY 



2540 



GOSHEN 



in family parties, searching for food. At night 

 a sleeping place is made for the females and 

 young by lacing boughs of trees together and 

 covering them with branches and leaves. Prof. 

 Garner, quoted above, compliments this ani- 

 mal on his domestic traits. He says that when 

 the gorilla marries he "cuts out night life, 

 the clubs, and everything of the kind." 



The food consists of fruit, nuts, honey and 

 eggs, and though a gorilla will not kill any 

 animal for the sake of its flesh, it will eat 

 meat if it can get it. The chief enemy of the 

 gorilla and the only one it fears is the leopard ; 

 all other inhabitants of the forest are terrified 

 by its loud, hoarse challenge. It will always 

 flee from man in great fright, but if wounded 

 or cornered it will make a terrific fight, rending 

 and tearing wil^i teeth and claws. Several 

 captured specimens have been sent to Europe 

 and America, but .even with the greatest care 

 they can not be kept alive for more than a 

 few months. E.D.F. 



GORKY, gor'ke, MAXIM (1869- ), famous 

 Russian novelist, fighter for Russian liberty, 

 fearless champion of the downtrodden and op- 

 pressed, an exile by order of the Czar, and one 

 of the leaders of the revolutionary and social- 

 istic forces in 

 modern Russia. 

 His power and 

 ability have chal- 

 lenged the atten- 

 tion of the world. 



Gorky's real 

 name is ALEXIS 

 MAXIMO-^ 

 VITCH PESHKOV;'/; 

 "Gorky," which ' 

 means bitter, is 

 a fictitious name 

 which he chose 

 at the outset of his career and which has clung 

 to him. Indeed, "bitter" is the word which 

 tells the story of his childhood days in his 

 native city, Nizhni Novgorod. He was de- 

 serted by his mother, and his father died when 

 he was four years of age this is the history 

 of his life's beginnings; and its utter misery, 

 coupled with an irrepressible desire to wander, 

 led him later to become a peddler in the 

 streets, a gardener, cook, railroad porter and 

 clerk. But the privations of those days gave 

 him the opportunity to study human nature 

 at first hand; and his own career is more 

 varied than any of the later inventions of his 

 vivid imagination. 



MAXIM GORKY 



His writings have attracted attention, not 

 because of their great literary qualities, but 

 for their social significance. He takes his read- 

 ers to the haunts of thieves, paupers and lepers, 

 and without fear or favor shows the hearts 

 of the forlorn and fallen. His characters are 

 rebels and outcasts with very stormy careers, 

 but they appeal powerfully to the Russian 

 masses. Among his best-known books are The 

 Story of My Childhood Days, Song of the 

 Falcon, Foma Gordyeeff, The Outcasts and 

 Three Men. He has also written several 

 dramas, among them At the Depths, The Chil- 

 dren of the Sun and The Barbarians; these, as 

 well as all his later writings, concern them- 

 selves with the political situation in modern 

 Russia. 



In February, 1915, the Czar lifted the ban 

 which had kept Gorky out of Russia for many 

 years. At that time the great novelist, linger- 

 ing in the last stages of tuberculosis, lived on 

 the island of Capri, where he hoped the cli- 

 mate would bring relief to the malady. For 

 pathos, picturesqueness and daring struggle, 

 the career of Gorky is perhaps uneqiialed 

 among the great leaders of the twentieth cen- 

 tury. R.D.M. 



GOS'HAWK, written in medieval English as 

 goshauk, meaning goose hawk, is a species of 

 falcon common to Europe, Asia and the north 

 of Africa. It is rare in Great Britain, however, 

 particularly in England. The goshawk, so 

 named because it was first observed to fly at 

 geese, was found to be easily tamed, and came 

 into use for falconing. The female, which is 

 much larger than the male, is flown at hares, 

 rabbits and the larger game, and the male at 

 the smaller birds, such as partridges. The 

 American goshawk, a larger and more at- 

 tractive bird, is a menace to small poultry, 

 and is commonly called hen hawk, or chicken 

 hawk. See FALCON, subhead Falconry. 



GO'SHEN, in Biblical times a district or 

 province in Egypt, adapted to raising flocks 

 and herds, which was assigned by Joseph to 

 his father Jacob and family when they entered 

 the country to escape famine in their own 

 land (Genesis XLVII). It was located on the 

 eastern border of the Nile delta, a few miles 

 to the northwest of On, and many of the 

 Israelites lived there up to the time they were 

 enslaved by the Egyptians. 



GOSHEN, IND., the county seat of Elkhart 

 County, in the north-central part of the state, 

 is twenty-eight miles southeast of South Bend, 

 ten miles southeast of Elkhart and 110 miles 



