GRAHAM 



2f>f)2 



GRAIN ELEVATOR 



m the surface of each plant by scraping off 

 the outer bark, the two are bound together, 

 and the graft is left to itself to complete the 

 process. In a few weeks, when the nursling 

 has begun to feed upon the larger plant, the 

 soil is removed from the roots of the cion and 

 the roots themselves are trimmed off. Later 

 the top of the stock is also removed, and the 

 nursling receives all of the nourishment from 

 the vigorous roots. The resulting tree grows 

 rapidly and bears fruit much sooner than would 

 have been possible had it been left to nature. 

 The United States Department of Agriculture 

 at Washington has carried on a long series of 

 experiments in inarching and other forms of 

 grafting, and the results of these investigations, 

 which are of great interest and value, may be 

 secured on application. B.M.W. 



An excellent survey of the entire subject may be 

 found in Bailey's The Nursery Book. Another 

 simply-written book is Fuller's Propagation o} 

 Plants. 



GRAHAM, gra'am, GEORGE PERRY (1859- ), 

 a Canadian journalist and statesman, one of 

 the most influential members of the Liberal 

 party. He was born at Eganville, Ont., re- 

 ceived a high school education, and at the 

 age of twenty-one became editor of the Morris- 

 burg Herald, a position .e held for twelve 

 years. He was for a b ef period associate 

 editor of the Ottawa Fre Press, and then for 

 fourteen years was managing director of the 

 Brockville Recorder. 



In the meantime he had entered public life. 

 He was a member of the Ontario legislature 

 from 1898 to 1907, was provincial secretary in 

 the government of Sir George Ross in 1904 and 

 1905, and in 1907 was chosen to lead the Lib- 

 eral opposition. He resigned six months later 

 to accept the position of Dominion Minister of 

 Railways and Canals in the Laurier Ministry, 

 and was elected to the House of Commons 

 for Brockville by acclamation. In 1911 he 

 resigned with the Laurier government and was 

 defeated for reelection, but was elected for 

 Renfrew South in a spectacular bye-election in 

 the following year. Though Sir Wilfrid Laurier 

 still remained the active leader of the Liberal 

 party, much of the detail work was done by 

 Graham, who is particularly effective as a pub- 

 lic speaker. After the beginning of the War of 

 the Nations he frequently addressed patriotic 

 gatherings and recruiting meetings. G.H.L. 



GRAHAM LAND, a tract of land in the Ant- 

 arctic region, crossed by the Antarctic Circle, 

 nearly south of Tierra del Fuego. It was 



discovered in 1832 by Biscoe, captain of an 

 English sealing vessel, who took possession of 

 it for Great Britain. Parts of it are known 

 as Danco Land and King Oscar II Land, the 

 latter section having been discovered in 1894 

 by a Norwegian named Larsen, who thought 

 that he had discovered a continent. The land 

 is icebound and mountainous. See ANTARCTIC 

 LANDS AND SEAS. 



GRAIL, THE HOLY. See HOLY GRAIL. 



GRAIN BEETLE, a stout-bodied, chestnut- 

 brown insect, which, together with rice weevils 

 and granary moths, costs the people of North 

 America about $40,000,000 a year, an average 

 of over $100,000 a day. Grain beetles appear 



THE GRAIN BEETLE 



(o) Larvae"; (b) pupae; (c) winged insect. 

 Figure a represents a grain of rice, by which fig- 

 ures a, b, c may be compared. All the figures are 

 much enlarged. 



wherever grain is stored, in every part of the 

 world. They are a source of annoyance to 

 manufacturers of cereals as well as to the con- 

 sumer who receives a package of breakfast 

 food in which such pests appear. They are 

 about one-seventh of an inch long. A long, 

 snoutlike beak extends from the head and 

 bears the jaws and a pair of feelers (antennae). 

 The female beetle punctures the grain with 

 her snout and lays an egg in the hole. The 

 egg hatches into a tiny white, footless grub, 

 which eats into the grain. Within about forty- 

 one days an egg produces a full-grown beetle, 

 so eggs laid in grain yet in the field would 

 produce beetles in the granary or mill. They 

 in turn, multiply rapidly, especially in dark 

 places. Machinery has been invented whereby, 

 at small cost, grain may be subjected to the 

 action of gases which will kill these pests and 

 leave the grain as pure as it is possible to make 

 foodstuffs. 



GRAIN ELEVATOR. This term applies to 

 a building equipped with machinery for load- 

 ing, unloading, cleaning and storing grain, in- 

 cluding the machinery which elevates or lifts 



