GRAND FALLS 



2560 



GRAND FORKS 



others give place to sharply individual tones, 

 the whole presenting a kaleidoscopic effect 

 which no artist can hope to equal, and no 

 writer can hope to describe it. 



As for the rock formations this "sublime 

 city of nature's buildings" one geologist writes 

 of them: 



"If any one of these stupendous creations had 

 been planted upon the plains of Central Europe, 

 it would have influenced modern art as pro- 

 foundly as Fujiyama has influenced the decorative 

 art of Japan. Yet here are hundreds of them 

 swallowed up in the confusion of .multitude." 



Curiously like Oriental temples these struc- 

 tures look, with their rich color and their 

 carved lines, and many of them have been 

 christened with this resemblance in mind. 

 There is a Temple of Buddha, a Temple of 

 Isis and a .Temple of Zoroaster. 



The visitor need not content himself with 

 viewing the canyon from the rim, for two 

 trails, the Hermit and the Bright Angel, give 

 access to the depths. Every turn in their 

 winding discloses new views, and every hour 

 in the day develops its own special beauties 

 of light and shade. To the very bed of the 

 river these trails lead, and the visitor may in 

 four hours reach the depth which it has taken 

 the river countless ages to attain. The visitor 

 who has stayed near the canyon long enough 

 to recover from his first wordless amazement 

 and to form a real impression is likely to 

 speak of it thereafter either in carefully-tem- 

 pered words or in terms so glowing that to 

 the uninitiated they seem overdrawn. One 

 writer of this latter tendency has been more 

 successful than many others in summing up 

 the true spirit of the canyon : 



A labyrinth of huge architectural forms, end- 

 lessly varied in design, fretted with ornamental 

 devices, festooned with lacelike webs formed of 

 talus from the upper cliffs, and painted with every 

 color known to the palette in pure transparent 

 tones of marvelous delicacy. Never was picture 

 more harmonious, never flower more exquisitely 

 beautiful. It flashes instant communication of 

 all that architecture and painting and music for a 

 thousand years have striven to express. It is the 

 soul of Michelangelo and of Beethoven. A.MC c. 



Consult Dellenbaugh's A Canyon Voyage; 

 James's In and Around the Grand Canyon. 



GRAND FALLS, the county town of Vic- 

 toria County, New Brunswick, situated in the 

 northwestern part of the province, three miles 

 east of the Maine boundary line and at the 

 head of navigation on the Saint John River, 

 202 miles from its mouth. Edmundston is 

 thirty-eight miles northwest, and Woodstock is 

 seventy-five miles south. The Canadian Pa- 



cific and the National Transcontinental rail- 

 ways serve the town. An abundance of lumber 

 and pulpwood is found in the vicinity, and the 

 industries of the city are largely dependent 

 upon these resources. The beautiful scenery, 

 delightful climate and fine facilities for shoot- 

 ing and hunting have made Grand Falls ;i 

 favorite pleasure resort. The town was named 

 for the picturesque falls, estimated at 100 feet, 

 which occur in the river at this point; a fine 

 view of the falls may be had from the sus- 

 pension bridge which spans the river. French, 

 Irish, Scotch and English comprise the greater 

 part of the population. In 1911 it was 1,280; 

 in 1916, estimated, 1,500. D.J.C. 



GRANDFATHER'S CLAUSE, THE. The 

 fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of 

 the United States, adopted in 1870, conferred 

 the right to vote upon the recently-emanci- 

 pated slaves, the vast majority of whom were 

 not fitted for this important duty. After some 

 years of experience, many of the former slave- 

 holding states adopted amendments to their 

 state constitutions enabling them virtually to 

 annul or greatly abridge the provisions of this 

 amendment. 



Such amendments provided for a strict regis- 

 tration, with educational tests, such as ability 

 to read and explain any article in the Constitu- 

 tion. That the right of suffrage might be taken 

 from illiterate negroes but not from illiterate 

 white men at the same time, some states pro- 

 vided that the test of illiteracy should not 

 apply to those who had descended from or 

 were the descendants of those who had en- 

 listed as soldiers in any war. This of course 

 only included whites; illiterate negroes would 

 have to pass the educational test, and very- 

 few of them could do so. In a few instances 

 it was provided that those entitled to registra- 

 tion should be only those whose ancestors had 

 the right to vote in 1867. All such clauses 

 have received the general name of "grand- 

 father's clause." 



GRAND FORKS, a city in the Kettle Valley, 

 British Columbia, in the extreme southern 

 part of the province, about three miles north 

 of the United States boundary. It is at the 

 junction of the forks of the Kettle River, and 

 is on the Canadian Pacific, the Great Northern 

 and the Kettle Valley railways, 418 miles east 

 of Vancouver, ninety-five miles west of Nelson 

 by rail, and twenty-five miles, directly, west 

 of Rossland. Grand Forks is an important 

 railway center, having the roundhouses and 

 machine shops of the Kettle Valley and Cana- 



