GRANITE CITY 



25G4 



GRANT 



California, Colorado, Minnesota, Wisconsin and 

 Wyoming. There are also valuable quarries in 

 British Columbia, Quebec and Nova Scotia. 

 The four leading states in order of production 

 are Vermont, Massachusetts, California and 



Vermont 



California 

 2 



Massachusetts 

 Z 



Maine 



Figures Represent Millions of Dollars 



AVERAGE ANNUAL, PRODUCTION OF 



GRANITE 



The comparative value from each of the lead- 

 ing states is given emphasis by means of the 

 graphic illustrations. 



Maine. Bunker Hill Monument is built of 

 Quincy, Mass., granite, and the Grant Monu- 

 ment, on Riverside Drive, New York City, is of 

 granite quarried in Wisconsin. 



In some varieties hornblende replaces the 

 mica; these varieties are called syenite by 

 geologists, but practical stone workers call 

 them granite. The name comes from Syene, 

 Egypt, where the ancient Egyptians quarried 

 this rock for their pyramids, statues and tem- 

 ples. The Scotch granite used for headstones 

 is a Scotch syenite. When the mica forms in 

 layers the granite becomes gneiss. 



There are a number of theories concerning 

 the formation of granite, but they all agree 

 that it was formed under great heat and was 

 once in a molten state. When it cooled the 

 minerals crystallized as we now see them in 

 the rock. Granite has been formed at different 

 geologic periods in the world's history, but 

 most of it is considered to be one of the rocks 

 earliest formed. W.F.R. 



For comparison of durability of granite and 

 other stone, see BUILDING STONE. The reader is 

 also referred to the following articles in these 

 volumes : 



Feldspar Igneous Rocks 



Geology Mica 



Gneiss Quartz 



GRANITE CITY, ILL., an important railroad 

 center, noted also for its extensive granite-ware 

 industry, from which it receives its name. It 

 is situated in Madison County, near the Mis- 

 sissippi River, in the southwestern part of the 

 state, nine miles north of East Saint Louis and 

 eighteen miles south of Alton. Transportation 

 facilities are provided by the Wabash; Chicago 

 & Alton; Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & 

 Saint Louis; Chicago & Eastern Illinois; Chi- 



cago, Peoria & Saint Louis; Clover Leaf, ami 

 i he Illinois Central railways, and by the 

 Merchants' Bridge and Saint Louis terminals. 

 Interurban electric lines connect with cities 

 north, east and south, and a thirty-minute ride 

 on one of these takes passengers from Granite 

 City to the heart of Saint Louis, on the oppo- 

 site side of the Mississippi. The city was 

 founded in 1894. About one-third of the in- 

 habitants are foreign born; the population in- 

 creased from 10.000 in 1910 to 15,142 in 1916. 

 The area of the city is nearly four square 

 miles. 



In addition to the manufacture of granite 

 ware, the city has extensive steel, lead and corn 

 industries. Madison and Venice adjoin Granite 

 City on the south, and the three are known 

 locally as the Tri-Cities; Venice is situated on 

 'the east bank of the Mississippi River, and 

 through it Granite City has additional trans- 

 portation facilities. The abundant supplies of 

 . water and coal in the vicinity increase the 

 manufacturing facilities. Saint Elizabeth's 

 Hospital and a high school building are among 

 the notable structures. Besides public and 

 sectarian schools, the city has a library. J.C.R. 



GRANT, FREDERICK DENT (1850-1912), eldest 

 son of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and himself a 

 soldier before he was thirteen years of age. 

 During the last years of the War of Secession 

 he accompanied his father in nearly all the 

 latter's campaigns, and in 1867 entered West 

 Point Military Academy, from which he was 

 graduated in 1871. He worked as an engineer 

 on the Union Pacific Railway, accompanied 

 General Sherman to Europe for a brief visit. 

 and from 1873 to 1879 was lieutenant-colonel 

 on Sherman's staff in numerous expeditions 

 against the Indians. He resigned from the 

 army in 1881, was United States minister to 

 Austria from 1889 to 1893, and was the police 

 commissioner of New York City for four years. 

 At the outbreak of the Spanish-American Wai- 

 he was appointed colonel, and soon brigadier- 

 general of volunteers, and saw service in Cuba 

 and the Philippines. In 1901 he was appointed 

 brigadier-general in the regular army and in 

 1906 major-general. He was at various times 

 in command of the military districts of South- 

 ern Luzon, Northern Luzon, the Department 

 of Texas, Department of the Lakes (at Chi- 

 cago) and Department of the East (New York 

 City). He was in command of this last depart- 

 ment at the time of his death. 



GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835-1902), a Ca- 

 nadian author, clergyman and educator, one of 



