GREELY 



2614 



GREEN 



was a loyal supporter of (ho President during 

 the war, he was willing to cud the struggle by 

 compromise, and in 1864 went to Canada to 

 confer with several Confederate agents on the 

 subject of peace, but the effort was fruitless. 

 When the war was over he urged the granting 

 of a universal pardon to those who had taken 

 part in it, and was one of the signers of the bail 

 bond of Jefferson Davis (which see). 



Greeley's interest in politics continued until 

 his death. He was a severe critic of President 

 dram's administration, and in 1872 was nom- 

 inated by the Liberal Republicans (see POLITI- 

 CAL PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES) for the 

 Presidency. The Democratic party, which 

 adopted the platform of the Liberal Repub- 

 licans, made him their candidate as well, but 

 in the election Grant won a decisive victory. 

 Worn out by the excitement and suspense of 

 a strenuous campaign and crushed by the death 

 of his wife, Greeley became seriously ill soon 

 after the election, and died on November 29, 

 1872. Thousands viewed his body, which lay 

 in state in the City Hall in New York, and his 

 funeral was attended by men of national emi- 

 nence, including the President and Vice-Pres- 

 ident of the United States. He had many 

 enemies, but no one could fail to honor him 

 for his upright life, his justice and his moral 

 integrity. 



Greeley was well known as a lecturer and 

 writer, and he traveled widely in Europe and 

 in America. His publications include Hints 

 Toward Reforms, Glances at Europe, Over- 

 land Journey to San Francisco, The American 

 Conflict and Recollections of a Busy Life. 



Consult James Parton's Life of Horace Greeley. 



GREELY, ADOLPHUS WASHINGTON (1844- 

 ), an American soldier and scientist, whose 

 chief claim to fame lies in his valiant service 

 in Arctic exploration. He was born at New- 

 buryport, Mass.. and served as a Union volun- 

 teer during the War of Secession. At the close 

 of the war he was appointed a lieutenant in 

 the regular army and was attached to the 

 signal service. In 1881 he commanded the 

 expedition sent out by the United States gov- 

 ernment to establish observation stations to- 

 wards the North Pole, and made many val- 

 uable scientific observations and discoveries. 

 A detachment of his expedition reached a 

 higher latitude than had been before attained, 

 thus winning From England an honor held for 

 three centuries. The non-arrival of the prom- 

 ised relief ships compelled Greely to move 



southward in 18S3. nd after losing eighteen of 

 his twenty-five men he was rescued at Cape 

 Sabine by a party under' Captain Winfield 

 Schley, afterwards prominent in the Battle of 

 Santiago, in the Spanish-American War. 



Greely was appointed chief signal officer of 

 the army by President Grover Cleveland in 

 1887, and was head of tho \Veather Bureau 

 from that year until it passed under the con- 

 trol of the Department of Agriculture. Dur- 

 ing the Spanish-American War he was in charge 

 of cable censorship. In 1906. with the rank of 

 major-general, he was in command at San 

 Francisco after the fire, and in 1907 he quelled 

 without bloodshed a Ute Indian disturbance 

 in Wyoming. In 1908 he reached the age limit 

 for active service and was retired. He became 

 a member of the International Colonial Insti- 

 tute, and on seven occasions represented his 

 country abroad, the last time as military am- 

 bassador at the coronation of George V. His 

 publications include Three Years of Arctic 

 Service, Handbook of Polar Discoveries and 

 American Weather. See POLAR EXPLORATIONS. 



GREEN, one of the colors of the solar spec- 

 trum, appearing between blue and yellow. 

 Green is one of the most common colors in 

 nature; the grass and nearly all foliage is 

 green. We speak of "green sea water," and in 

 the mineral kingdom we find green in mala- 

 chite and in the emerald. Many tropical birds 

 have beautiful green plumage and the wings 

 of some species of South American butterflies 

 are gaudy with hues of this same color. Green 

 is the national color of Ireland, and in the past 

 Lincoln green was worn as a mark of distinc- 

 tion by the Scotch highlanders. Green is 

 worn on Saint Patrick's Day, March 17. It 

 is the sacred color of the Mohammedans, who 

 carry the green flag, and the background of 

 whose prayer rugs is always green, let the de- 

 sign worked into the fabric be what it may. 

 Traditionally green is the color of repentance. 



Green pigment can be made by mixing blue 

 and 'yellow pigments, but most of the green 

 paints and dyes, such as Paris green, emerald 

 green and imperial green, are made by boiling 

 copper acetate in a solution of a compound of 

 arsenic and oxygen. Such paints and dyes are 

 deadly poisons, and they should be handled 

 with care and always be kept out of the reach 

 of children. Most of the green dyes formerly 

 made from vegetable compounds are now de- 

 rived from coal tar. The numerous tints and 

 hues are formed by mixing the pigments in 

 varying proportions. Most green pigments 



