GREENFIELD 



2617 



GREENLAND 



energy counted in this crisis. Daniel Morgan, 

 the sharpshooter, and "Light-horse Harry" 

 Lee were sent to his aid, and at Cowpens he 

 defeated the British general, Tarleton, in Janu- 

 ary, 1781. One after another the British forts 

 were captured in South Carolina. This great 

 soldier, who had endured so many hardships 

 in war, was counted, next to Washington, the 

 greatest general of the Revolution. 



GREENFIELD, MASS., the county seat of 

 Franklin County, and a summer resort in the 

 hill country of the northwestern part of the 

 state. It is situated on the north bank of the 

 Deerfield River, two miles above its junction 

 with the Connecticut River, and is twenty 

 miles south of the Vermont state line and fifty- 

 six miles by rail west of Fitchburg. It is 

 served by two branches of the Boston & Maine 

 Railroad and by the Connecticut Valley elec- 

 tric interurban line. The population, which in 

 1910 was 10,427, was reported by the state 

 census of 1915 as 12,618. 



Greenfield, which includes an extensive park 

 system, covers an area of twenty square miles. 

 It takes its name from the beautiful green 

 fields of its own meadow lands. Along the 

 rivers and in the hills are a number of points 

 of scenic interest. Many motor parties coming 

 by way of the "Mohawk Trail" visit Green- 

 field during the summer. Two of the largest 

 hotels sometimes accommodate many thousand 

 guests each in one season. 



A Federal building, erected in 1916 at a cost 

 of $100,000, a public library, two hospitals, 

 hotels, and banks are among the prominent 

 buildings. There are manufactories of taps and 

 dies, fuel stokers, cutlery, paper boxes, bricks, 

 cement building blocks, agricultural imple- 

 ments and children's carriages. Settled in 1682, 

 Greenfield was a part of Deerfield until the 

 year 1753. G.H.K. 



GREENHOUSE, a house of glass on a frame- 

 work of wood, or iron and wood, used for the 

 protection or growth of delicate plants, and of 

 plants grown out of season. Such a building 

 must have plenty of light, and is almost 

 invariably glass-covered. When the heat is not 

 sufficient for the tender plants, artificial heat 

 is supplied. Small structures are heated with 

 stoves, but the largest have coils of pipes car- 

 rying steam or hot water. Sometimes a series 

 of greenhouses clustered together and heated 

 from a central plant may cover several acres 

 of ground. 



A greenhouse used for the display of flowers, 

 rather than their growth, is known as a con- 



servatory (which see). Other places called 

 greenhouses are orchard houses, warm lwnx<*. 

 bark stove houses, 'graperies, etc., and those 

 two commercially important houses, forcing 

 houses and hothouses. In them are brought to 

 life and bearing many out-of-season luxuries 

 vegetables, fruits and flowers, which bring the 

 growers and dealers unusually high prices. 



GREEN 'LAND, an island lying almost en- 

 tirely within the Arctic Circle, to the northeast 

 of the mainland of North America. Next to 

 Australia it is the largest island in the world. 

 It is separated from the American continent 

 by Davis Strait, Baffin Bay and Smith Sound. 

 More than 1,400 miles long and 690 miles wide, 

 it covers an area of 826,000 square miles, twelve 

 times greater than the six New England states 

 and as large as British Columbia, Alberta and 

 Saskatchewan combined. All of Germany. 

 France, Italy and Spain combined lack over 

 100,000 square miles of being as large. Yet 

 Greenland is in most respects worthless for the 

 purposes and necessities of man. 



It is a Danish colony, and there are a few 

 Danish settlements on the west and south- 

 eastern coasts. The interior forms a plateau 

 with an average height of 4,500 feet, surrounded 

 by rocky coasts rising several hundreds of feet 

 direct from the 

 ocean. Here and 

 there are moun- 

 tains over 10,000 

 feet high. Many- 

 deep fiords and 

 bays indent the 

 coast, which re- 

 sembles that of 

 the west of Nor- 

 way. Ice covers 

 more than three- 

 fourths of the 

 surface, and in 

 some parts it is LOCATION MAP 



2.000 feet thick. There are thousands of gla- 

 ciers, some of them the largest in the world. 

 The island is of volcanic formation, consisting 

 of a mass of Archaean and igneous rocks 

 similar to those found in Spitzbergen and part 

 of Western Europe. At some far distant date 

 Europe, Spitzbergen and Greenland were a.11 

 connected by land which sank into the sea (see 

 GEOLOGY). 



Climate. During the long summer day of 

 eighteen to twenty-two hours the soil in some 

 parts of the island, especially near the coast, 

 produces luxuriant vegetation and flowers. The 



