GROTE 



.2627 



GROUND HOG 



and seeds of maples, evergreens and elders. 

 Its song is a "jerky" warble. It received its 

 name from the belief that it sang only in the 

 evening. It does sing in the daytime, how- 

 ever, but only in the nesting season. The 

 hardy pine grosbeak is common in pine and 

 juniper woods of the Canadian provinces. This 

 bird, witli rose-red plumage, mixed with slaty 

 liiay. is also sometimes seen in Northern 

 United States. 



One species of grosbeak is called hawfinch in 

 Kurope. In America the cardinal is sometimes 

 called grosbeak. See CARDINAL BIRD. 



GROTE, GEORGE (1794-1871), an English his- 

 torian who chose ancient Greece as his par- 

 ticular theme. He was eminent also as a 

 philosopher and politician, and was a worker 

 in behalf of university education. 



His first published book was The Statement 

 of Questions of Parliamentary Reform, which 

 advocated popular representation, vote by bal- ' 

 lot, and short Parliaments. In 1831 he pub- 

 lished his important book, Parliamentary 

 Reform, an elaboration of his Statement. 

 However, the work which brought him greatest 

 fame was his History of Greece, which ap- 

 peared in twelve volumes between 1845 and 

 1856; it is a comprehensive study of Grecian 

 history up to the death of Alexander. He 

 later turned his attention to the study of Greek 

 philosophy, which resulted in two books; he 

 published the one on Plato, but that on Aris- 

 totle was destined to remain unfinished. Grote 

 is buried in Westminster Abbey, near the grave 

 of Macaulay. 



GROTIUS, gro'shius, or DE GROTT, dc 

 groht, HUGO (1583-1645), a Dutch jurist, theo- 

 logian, statesman and poet, and the honored 

 founder of the science of international law. He 

 was educated at the University of Leyden, tak- 

 ing his degree in his fifteenth year. In 1613 he 

 was made chief magistrate of Rotterdam; in 

 1619. as a leader of the Remonstrant doctrine 

 which is opposed to strict Calvinism, he was 

 condemned to life imprisonment at Loewen- 

 stein, but escaped, with the assistance of his 

 wife; and from 1635 to 1645 was Swedish 

 ambassador to France. His chief work, On 

 the Law of War and Peace, is considered the 

 basis of international law, and has been widely 

 used as a textbook. His other writings in- 

 clude some able translations in verse from the 

 Greek authors and some brilliant Latin and 

 Dutch poems. See INTERNATIONAL LAW. 



GROUARD, groo'ard, a town in the central 

 part of Alberta, in -the Peace River country. 



at the western end of Lesser Slave Lake. It 

 is on the Edmonton, Dunvcgan &, Bnt.sh 

 Columbia Railway, 250 miles northwest o* 

 Edmonton and sixty-seven miles southeast oC 

 Peace River Crossing. In the vicinity of 

 Grouard are coal and clay deposits, and there 

 is also abundant lumber. Whitefish are plen- 

 tiful in Lesser Slave Lake. The Peace River 

 District is the last extensive area in WeMi-r. 

 Canada where homesteads may be obtained 

 and Grouard has a Dominion land office. 

 Grouard is the natural supply center for the 

 eastern part of this district, and in spite ot 

 the lack of adequate transportation facilities 

 to the present time it has grown rapidly sinn 

 1911, when its population was only 447. In 

 1914 the town police census showed a total <:. 

 1,492, and with the westward extension of the 

 railway the town is destined to greater impor- 

 tance. The town was named in honor of 

 Bishop Emile Grouard (born 1840), a French 

 Roman Catholic priest who came to Canada 

 in I860, became a missionary under Arch- 

 bishop Tache and in 1902 was consecrated Vicar 

 Apostolic of Athabaska. 



GROUND HOG, the name applied to an 

 active member of the squirrel family, known 

 also as the woodchuck, and recognized by its 

 long, coarse fur, which is blackish or grayish 

 above and chestnut-red below, and by its 



THE GROUND HOG 



As a weather prophet lie is credited with pow- 

 ers he does not possess. 



short, thick legs, bushy tail, broad, flat head 

 and long whiskers. The ground hog is about 

 the size of a house cat. It is a North American 

 resident, ranging from Hudson Bay to South 

 Carolina and west to Nebraska. Its home is 

 burrowed in fields, on the hillsides or under 

 rocks in the woods, and is divided into several 

 compartments. That no water may enter it.-* 

 domicile, the animal always burrows on an 

 upward slant, throwing out the dirt with its 

 sharp-clawed forefeet and scraping back with 

 the hind ones. 



