GUINEA PIG 



2638 



GUIZOT 



GUINEA PIG, a little animal .sometimes 

 called the cavy, about six inches long. It 

 makes an interest ing pet for children and con- 

 tributes largely to medical science. In their 

 manner of life and in their food guinea pigs 



GUINEA PIGS 



At left, tortoise and white: at right, solid color, 

 nearly red. 



are much like the rabbits. There are several 

 colors of these animals, known as the tor- 

 toise shdls, the red. brown and white. They 

 have small ears and no tails, and the sound 

 they make rs like a shrill whistle. Because they 

 are naturally clean in. habit and are strong, they 

 are muclr used in bacteriological laboratories 

 for experimental purposes. They will rest 

 quietly in the hand while >erum is being in- 

 jected, and will resume feeding as soon as 

 returned to the cage, apparently with only 

 trivial discomfort. They are also used in vivi- 

 section, or the dissection of live animals, as the 

 veins, arteries and most parts of the viscera 

 are without the sense of touch and therefore 

 have little sense of pain. Antiseptic precau- 

 tions are used, however, and if the animal 

 shows any signs of distress it is painlessly killed. 

 GUISE., gwecz, a noble French family, the 

 most famous branch of the House of Lorraine, 

 several members of which had a conspicuous 

 part in French history. The family acquired 

 great political influence on the succession of the 

 French king, Francis II, for his wife, Mary 

 Queen of Scots, was a granddaughter of Claude 

 of Lorraine (1496-1550), the first Duke of Guise. 

 Francois of Lorraine (1519-1563), second Duke 

 of Guise, was the leader of the Catholic party 

 during the religious wars that devastated France 

 in the reign of Charles IX. After winning sev- 

 eral victories, he was assassinated while pre- 

 paring for the siege of Orleans. His son. Henry 

 I of Lorraine (1550-1588), third Duke of Guise, 

 led the armies of the Catholics against the 

 Huguenots (Protestants) in the reign of Henry 

 III. The latter, jealous of the Duke's popu- 

 larity and influence, caused him to be assas- 

 sinated in 1588. After the death of Henry I 

 of Lorraine, the Catholic forces were com- 

 manded by his brother Charles, Duke oi May- 

 enne. Charles was defeated at Arques and 





Ivry by Henry of Navarre (Henry IV of 

 France), but continued the struggle until 1596. 

 when he made peace witli the king, lu 167") 

 the direct line of the dukes of Guise of the 

 House of Lorraine became extinct, and the 

 family estates passed to their nearest kin. the 

 House of Conde. 



GUITAR, gitahr', a stringed musical instru- 

 ment with a hollow body and a neck, somewhat 

 resembling the violin. The woods commonly 

 used for the sides are maple, ash or cherry ; 

 hardwoods, such as ebony, beech, or pear, are 

 employed for the neck and finger board; the 

 bridge is of ebony. Many of the older speci- 

 mens were adorned with inlays of rosewood 

 and ornamented with tortoise shell and mother- 

 of-pearl. The modern, or Spanish, guitar, lias 

 six strings, the three highest made of gtit and 

 the other three of silk spun over with silver. 

 The Spanish guitar is always played with the 

 fingers. The thumb sounds the deepest wrings; 



THE GUITAR 



the first, second and third fingers sound the 

 three highest tones, and the little finger rests 

 on the sounding board. 



The guitar was introduced into Spain by 

 the Moors' about the year 1288. By the begin- 

 ning of the nineteenth century the Spanish 

 guitar became a fashionable instrument on the 

 Continent. Ferdinand Sor, a Spaniard, by 

 means of his compositions brought the guitar 

 into' great popularity in England and succeeded 

 in banishing the less perfect English guitar. 

 Sor's most distinguished rival was Matiro Giuli- 

 ani, an Italian. Other well-known composers 

 were Legnani, Kreutzer, and Leonard Schulz ; 

 while Berlioz and Paganini were guitarists of 

 note. 



GUIZOT, ijc zo' , FHANQOIS PIEKKE GUILLAITMK 

 (1787-1874), a French historian and stat< 

 whose writings and lectures did much for the 

 development of historical study in France, was 

 born at Nimes. In 1805 he went to Paris to 

 study law, but took up literature instead. In 

 1812 he became assistant professor of literature 

 at the Sorbonne, and later in the same institu- 

 tion occupied the chair of modern history. His 

 publicly-expressed political opinions led to hi> 

 enforced resignation from the university. He 



