HADDOCK 



2654 



HADLEY 



Hentzau in 1898, and The Pride of Jennico in 

 1900. Later he became one of the few inde- 

 pendent managers in the United States, pro- 

 ducing Samson in 1909, The Grain oj Dust in 

 1912 and several operatic plays. After being 

 divorced from Miss Mannering, he married 

 Beatrice M. Beckley of London, in 1911. Three 

 years later, on the death of an aunt, he re- 

 ceived a large estate, and since then has 

 devoted himself to producing plays. 



HADDOCK, had'ock, a member of the cod 

 family, usually weighing from three to six 

 pounds. It has a smaller mouth than the cod, 

 and in color is dark gray, with a large dark 

 spot behind the head. Haddock swim in large 

 schools and are especially abundant in summer 

 on the coast of Massachusetts and on the 

 banks in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. It is at 

 this season that the largest catches are made. 

 This species of fish is also found near Iceland, 

 France, England and on the coasts of the 

 North Sea. The haddock is known as a ''bot- 

 tom feeder," and will take a hook that is 

 baited as it lies on the sea bottom ; small salted 

 fish and stale clams are its favorite bait. The 

 haddock has steadily grown in favor as a food 

 fish, and when on ice will keep in good condi- 

 tion longer than most other varieties, as its 

 flesh is firm. The finnan haddie, so named 

 from the town of Findon in Scotland, is pro- 

 duced by a Scotch method of smoking and dry- 

 ing haddock. 



HADES, ha'deez, the word used in the re- 

 vised version of the Bible as the equivalent 

 of hell, to denote the final abode of the lost. 

 It has also been applied as the abode of the 

 souls of the dead, whether good or bad. The 

 true meaning of the word has aroused much 

 discussion, as it embraces several Greek words 

 which differ slightly in theological meaning or 

 purport. In Grecian mythology, Hades was 

 the god of the lower world, the son of Chronos 

 and Rhea, who left his realm but once, and 

 then in search of Persephone, whom he made 

 his queen. 



HADJ, or HAJJ, haj, the Arabic name of 

 the pilgrimage to Mecca which every faithful 

 Mohammedan is bound to make, if possible, 

 once in his life. After he has accomplished this 

 religious task he may assume the title of Hajji. 

 A similar pilgrimage to Jerusalem by members 

 of the Greek and Armenian churches also con- 

 fers the same title. The pilgrimage has been 

 made in disguise by several travelers from 

 Europe and America, who have published ac- 

 counts of their experiences. See MECCA. 



HADLEY, had'li, ARTHUR TWINING (1856- 

 ), an American educator, president of Yale 

 University, and probably the foremost railroad 

 economist in the United States. As a child 

 he gave promise of a brilliant future. His 

 father, James 

 Hadley (1821- 

 1872), a famous 

 classical scholar, 

 taught his three- 

 year-old son to 

 converse in 

 Greek, and it is 

 recorded that 

 students in the 

 elder Hadley's 

 classes at Yale 



were often in- PRESIDENT HADLEY 

 Vlted to his Administrator, economist 

 home, that they and public servant, 

 might note for themselves how really simple 

 a language is Greek. The son was graduated 

 from Yale in 1876 with highest honors, his 

 special interest being in political science and 

 economics. After post-graduate study there 

 and at the University of Berlin, he 'began 

 teaching at Yale, and became in turn tutor, 

 lecturer on railroad administration, professor 

 of political economy, and finally, in 1899, pres- 

 ident of the university, in succession to Tim- 

 othy D wight. 



A Public Servant. However, his work in the 

 university is not Hadley's only claim to dis- 

 tinction. Like Woodrow Wilson, he preached 

 the doctrine of public service and often made 

 sacrifices in order that he might practice as 

 he preached. He was Connecticut's commis- 

 sioner of labor statistics from 1885 to 1887, and 

 was one of the first to urge the abolition of 

 child-labor. On the subject of railroads his 

 advice was constantly sought by Presidents, by 

 Congress and by active railroad men. Pres- 

 ident Taft appointed him chairman of a com- 

 mission to investigate issues of railroad se- 

 curities. In 1914 Hadley became a director 

 of the New York, New Haven & Hartford 

 Railroad at a time when it had completely lost 

 the public's confidence and was undergoing 

 reorganization. No more striking evidence of 

 Hadley's reputation for ability, fairness and 

 moral integrity could be given than the re- 

 newal of public trust which followed his ac- 

 ceptance of these new duties. 



He is the author of numerous books, includ- 

 ing Railroad Transportation, Its History and 

 Laws; Economics An Account oj the Rela- 



