HAGUE 



2657 



HAHNEMANN 



and dykes where some of the most famous 

 international alliances and treaties have been 

 arranged. From a mere hunting-lodge for the 

 counts of Holland in the thirteenth century 

 The Hague became in the eighteenth century 

 the center of European diplomacy. By the 

 twentieth century the eyes of the world were 

 hopefully turned to this little spot on the map. 

 It was the dream of peace-loving people that 

 The Hague might become the neutral capital 

 of the world a place where representatives 

 of all nations might meet to arbitrate questions 

 of international importance, and thereby pre- 

 vent war and its bloody sacrifice of human life 

 in the future. As a monument to that dream, 

 and built by Andrew Carnegie, a magnificent 

 Palace of Peace now stands in The Hague as 

 headquarters for the International Court of 

 Arbitration. 



The Hague is the chief city in the province 

 of South Holland. It is thirty-three miles 

 southwest of Amsterdam, fifteen miles north- 

 west of Rotterdam, and about three miles from 

 the North Sea. The name is derived from the 

 Dutch Gravenhage, meaning the count's hedge. 

 It is a handsome city as well as a fashionable 

 one, and has been described by De Amicis in 

 his Olanda as half Dutch, half French. Broad, 

 regular streets are crossed by picturesque 

 .canals, which are lined with shops and dwell- 

 ings and shaded by rows of beautiful trees. 

 Throughout the city are numerous fine parks. 

 Among the buildings of most interest are the 

 picturesque town hall, the very modest royal 

 palace, the handsome government buildings, 

 the palace of justice, and the Saint James 

 Church, or Groote Kerk, a Gothic structure 

 built in the fifteenth century, in whose tower 

 is a chime of thirty-eight bells. The royal 

 art gallery contains a rich collection of Dutch 

 art, including a number of masterpieces by that 

 famous Dutch painter and etcher, Rembrandt. 

 In the royal library are more than 500,000 

 volumes; and it also contains a valuable col- 

 lection of coins, medals and cameos. The na- 

 tional monument, in the center of Willems 

 Park, is a magnificent memorial to the restora- 

 tion of Dutch independence in 1813. 



Historically, the most interesting buildings of 

 The Hague are the old gate-tower, the Ge- 

 vangenpoort, formerly used as a political 

 prison; the Binnenhof, where the Dutch states- 

 man, Barneveldt, was execute'd, and where the 

 legislature now meets, and the Huis Ten Bosch, 

 or House in the Wood, the suburban royal 

 villa where the first peace conference met. 

 167 



There are good educational institutions in 

 the city. Among them are a gymnasium, a 

 drawing school, the Royal School of Music and, 

 an educational institute conducted by the 

 Freemasons. The Hague is also the home of 

 many learned societies. 



Scheveningen, on the North Sea coast, is 

 practically a suburb of The Hague and is the 

 most frequented seaside resort in Holland. 

 A fine road and five electric car lines lead to 

 it from the city. The prosperity of The Hague 

 depends chiefly on foreigners visiting that 

 watering place and the city itself, and upon 

 the court and nobility. Little trade is carried 

 on, and the manufactures are not important. 

 Gold and silver ware, porcelain, hats, furniture 

 and carriages are the principal manufactures. 

 The starting point of the railway system of 

 Holland is in The Hague. In 1913 the popula- 

 tion of the city was about 302,000, or one-fifth 

 that of the city of Philadelphia. Two-thirds 

 of the people are Protestants. 



History. Originally the hunting center of 

 Holland counts, The Hague became, in 1250, 

 a residence for princes. From that it became 

 the seat of the States-General in the. sixteenth 

 century, and then the capital of Holland. As 

 the diplomatic capital of Europe it is noted 

 as the place where the Triple Alliance of Eng- 

 land, Sweden and The Netherlands against 

 France was concluded in 1668, as was also the 

 Triple Alliance of England, France and Hol- 

 land in 1717 for the preservation of the Treaty 

 of Utrecht. In 1899 the peace conference pro- 

 posed by the Russian emperor assembled there, 

 and The Hague was then chosen as the perma- 

 nent place for international conferences. An- 

 other conference was held there in 1907 (see 

 PEACE CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL, where there 

 will be found an illustration of the Peace 

 Palace). M.S. 



HAGUE PEACE CONFERENCE. See PEACE 

 CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL. 



HAHNEMANN, hahn'emahn, SAMUEL CHRIS- 

 TIAN (1755-1843), a German physician, founder 

 of the homeopathic method of treatment of 

 disease, established on the principle that "like 

 cures like." He was born at Meissen, in Sax- 

 ony, in 1775 went to Leipzig to study medi- 

 cine, and paid his way chiefly by translating 

 English medical works. He was graduated 

 from Erlangen in 1779. After practicing medi- 

 cine in various places, he translated Cullen's 

 Materia Medica in 1789, and then adopted a 

 new method of curing disease. In 1810 he pub- 

 lished his work, to explain his system to the 



