HAILEYBURY 



2659 



HAIR 



HAILEYBURY, hay'liburee, a town in On- 

 tario, the judicial center of the Timiskaming 

 district, and a shipping and supply poiiU for the 

 famous Cobalt section. It is situated on Lake 

 Timiskaming and on the Timiskaming & North- 

 ern Ontario Railway, five miles north of Cobalt, 

 six miles south of New Liskeard and 107 miles 

 north of North Bay. Steamers run between 

 Haileybury and other towns on the lake. 

 There are large lumber and sawmills and 

 other industrial establishments. The town is 

 the seat of a Roman. Catholic bishop. The 

 courthouse, jail and armory, all completed in 

 1916, and the bishop's palace are the conspic- 

 uous buildings. Haileybury has a general hos- 

 pital and electric light and power, and owns 

 its water and sewerage systems. Population in 

 1911, 3,874; in 1916, about 5,000. 



HAIR, an outgrowth from the skin, which 

 covers the bodies of mammals and varies 

 from softest down to the coarse, stiff quills of 

 the porcupine or the bristles of the hog. As 

 a body covering, the hair of mammals corre- 

 sponds to the 

 feathers of birds 

 and the scales of 

 reptiles, though 

 entirely different 

 in structure. 

 Among human 

 beings hair grows 

 most abundantly 

 on the head, 

 where it serves as 

 a protection and 

 as an ornament. 

 The very fine, 

 short, downy hair 

 that is found dis- 

 tributed over the 

 body, except on 



the palms of the ROOT OF A HAIR 



hands and the (a) Hair; (&) oil glands; 

 n1p nf tV.P fppf <> h ' air follicle (the depres- 

 eel > sion from which the hair 

 is doubtless a relic grows) ; (d) papilla (con- 

 nective tissue which extends 



OI the snaggy into and . nourishes the roots 

 covering of prim- of a hair) ; (e) Bowing cells, 

 itive man. Civilized beings have made clothes 

 serve for warmth and protection. 



The hair of animals has many economic 

 uses. That of the horse and ox, for instance, 

 is used in upholstering, the short hair being 

 manufactured into curled hair for stuffing, and 

 the long, straight hair being made into hair- 

 cloth for seating. Horsehair also furnishes 

 bristles for brushes. The fur of a large num- 



ber of animals, the wool of sheep and several 

 species of goat, and the hair of camels, are all 

 of great value to man, who has learned how 

 to utilize them in making clothing. 



The Structure of a Hair. On the outside a 

 hair is covered by a layer of fine scales that 

 overlap like the tiles of a roof, but with the 

 free ends turned upward. This external part 

 is called the cuticle. Beneath is a thicker layer 

 of horny cells of the epidermis, or outer layer 

 of the skin; these cells form delicate fibers 

 that are closely packed together and usually 

 occupy the whole inside of the hair. 



A hair consists of two parts, the root and 

 shaft. The latter is the part outside the skin, 

 or the free end. Though usually the shaft is 

 rounded, in some persons and races it is flat- 

 tened. Because of the unequal growths at the 

 different angles, flattened hair has a tendency 

 to curl. The root, which is shaped like a pear, 

 extends down into a pocketlike sac, or hair 

 follicle, on the bottom of which is a small 

 projection called a papilla. This papilla is 

 supplied with blood vessels, which furnish the 

 material necessary for the growth of the hair. 



How Hair Grows. It is by production and 

 growth of cells from the surface of the papilla 

 that hair is formed. It grows, then, from the 

 roots, and not from the ends. As new cells 

 develop they push forward the old ones, which 

 become a part of the shaft. Since the cells 

 are pressed together lengthwise they are drawn 

 out into threads, instead of sidewise, and there- 

 fore the hair increases in length but not in 

 diameter. 



Hair will grow as long as the follicle and 

 papilla are not destroyed. The life of a hair 

 is from two to four years, and when an old 

 one falls out a new one takes its place. Until 

 after the prime of life and under normal health 

 conditions there is a constant renewal of the 

 supply. Premature baldness is generally caused 

 by lessened circulation of the blood in the 

 scalp or by certain forms of scalp conditions, 

 such as dandruff, which kill the sources of 

 nourishment and growth. It is also due to 

 neglect of the scalp. 



Color of the Hair. In the horny cells is 

 deposited the coloring matter, or pigment, 

 which gives the hair its particular color 

 brown, black, reddish, etc. For the production 

 of coloring matter it is necessary that the 

 whole body be in a good state of health. Age, 

 illness, worry and sorrow lessen the secretion 

 of pigment and cause the hair to turn gray or 

 white, and there are cases on record of hair 



