HAITI 



2663 



HAKE 



DDE 



HDD 



Where the laws are made 



Source of Haiti's 



-.tra ports before 

 Nations. 



3DC 



HDD 



this superstition. The pure-blooded negroes 

 are in the majority, and they dislike the 

 mulattoes, who comprise about ten per cent 

 of the population. See MULATTO. 



History. From the time of its discovery by 

 Columbus in 1492 Haiti has been a political 

 storm center. It was then inhabited by about 

 2,000,000 Indians, most of whom were later ex- 

 terminated by the Spaniards. Slaves were 

 imported from Africa as early as 1512, and 

 their descendants now occupy the island. In 

 the sixteenth century companies of English, 

 French and Spanish settled there or made it 

 their headquarters while they carried on pirat- 

 ical expeditions among the neighboring islands. 

 In 1697 the western part of the island was 

 ceded to France. 



The colony flourished, but in 1791 an insur- 

 rection headed by Toussaint L'Ouverture ended 

 in the overthrow of the French and a declara- 

 tion of independence. L'Ouverture \vas treach- 

 erously seized and taken to France, where he 

 died in 1803. Another insurrection then broke 

 out and the French were driven from the 

 island. From that time until the present the 

 history of the republic has been a series of 

 insurrections and internal dissensions. In 1914 



a revolution occurred, during which the Presi- 

 dent of the republic was deposed, and his 

 place was taken by the leader of the army. 

 This President was assassinated early in 1915, 

 and a state of anarchy existed in the republic 

 until troops were sent by the government of 

 the United States to restore order. The 

 American naval officers were forced to assume 

 control of the customs department to bring 

 order to the finances of the republic. The 

 population is about 2,030,000. F.ST.A. 



Consult Leger's Haiti, Her History and De- 

 tractors; Pritchard's Where Black Rules White. 



Related Subjects. The following articles in 

 these volumes, even when they do not deal spe- 

 cifically with Haiti, will throw light on the history 

 and the life of the republic : 



Cocoa 



Coffee 



Columbus, Christopher 



Cotton 



Mulatto 



Santo Domingo 

 Sugar Cane 

 Tobacco 



Toussaint, Frangois 

 Dominique 



HAKE, a large food fish of greedy habits, 

 which preys upon smaller species of fish. It 

 belongs to the cod family, and has a moder- 

 ately-long body and a pikelike head, but no 

 barbels. There are only four species of these 

 codlike fishes, called the 'silver hake, the New 



