HALL 



2669 



HALLECK 



Mars, which he named Deimos and Phobos, but 

 a more important contribution to science was 

 his study of double stars. He received a gold 

 medal from the Royal Astronomical Society, in 

 1875 was elected a member of the National 

 Academy of Science and was made president of 

 the American Association for Advancement of 

 Science in 1902. 



HALL, G[RANVILLE] STANLEY (1845- ), 

 an American educator and psychologist, who 

 as president of Clark University, Worcester, 

 Mass., has given that institution far-reaching 

 influence in the development of higher educa- 

 tion in America. 

 He was born in 

 Massachusetts, 

 and was educated 

 at Williams Col- 

 lege and in Ger- 

 many. Beginning 

 his teaching ca- 

 reer in 1872, as 

 professor of psy- 

 chology at Anti- 

 och College, Ohio, 

 he became in- 

 structor in Eng- G- STANLEY HALL, 

 lish at Harvard in 1876, and two years later fin- 

 ished a postgraduate course at that institution. 

 In 1881 he became professor of psychology at 

 Johns Hopkins University, where he remained 

 until his election to the presidency of Clark 

 University in 1888. In this university he also 

 occupies the chair of psychology. 



President Hall has been one of the lead- 

 ers in adapting methods of instruction to the 

 facts of evolutionary and experimental psychol- 

 ogy, and he is an authority in the field of child 

 development. He was the founder and is the 

 editor of the American Journal of Psychology, 

 the Pedagogical Seminary, the American Jour- 

 nal of Religious Psychology and Education, and 

 the Journal of Race Development. Among his 

 publications are The Contents of Children's 

 Minds on Entering School, Adolescence, and 

 Educational Problems. 



H ALLAH, hal'am, HENRY (1777-1859), an 

 English historian whose great work, The Mid- 

 dle Ages, was published in 1818. His sense of 

 proportion and admirable arrangement are 

 shown in his histories of France, Italy, Spain, 

 Germany, and of the Greeks and Saracens. His 

 logical arrangement of facts was due, no doubt, 

 to his legal training. He was born at Windsor, 

 studied law at Christ College, Oxford, and prac- 

 ticed law on the Oxford circuit for several 



years. He numbered among his friends Sidney 

 Smith, Macaulay and Lord Tennyson. Tenny- 

 son's In Memoriam was written as a tribute of 

 his friendship for Hallam's son Arthur, who 

 died suddenly at the age of twenty-two. In 

 1830 Hallam and Washington Irving received 

 medals offered by King George IV for distinc- 

 tion in historical writings. Among his works 

 are the Constitutional History of England from 

 the Accession of Henry VII to the Death of 

 George II, and the Introduction to the Litera- 

 ture of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and 

 Seventeenth Centuries. 



HALLE, hahl'e, or HALLE AN DER 

 SAALE, zahl'e (Halle on the Saale), an im- 

 portant German city in the province of Saxony, 

 on the River Saale, about -twenty miles north- 

 west of Leipzig. The town has an extensive 

 trade and is particularly noted for its produc- 

 tion of salt, which is found on islands in the 

 river. The city's industries have been greatly 

 developed since the Franco-Prussian War (1870- 

 1871), and there are now more than fifty large 

 establishments manufacturing machinery and 

 other iron and copper goods. Chemicals, sugar, 

 malt, spirits and starch are also produced. The 

 town hall is a magnificent building dating from 

 the fifteenth century, and near it stands a 

 beautiful monument to Handel, the musician, 

 who was born in this city. Population in 1910, 

 180,551. 



University of Halle, one of the leading insti- 

 tutions of learning in Germany, was founded 

 by the Lutheran Church in 1694. It quickly 

 became the educational center of Protestant 

 Germany, and in 1817 the ancient University of 

 Wittenberg was incorporated with it. The uni- 

 versity is prosperous and has recently become 

 noted for the thoroughness of its instruction in 

 agriculture. The students numbered about 

 2,000 .before the War of the Nations in 1914. 



HALLECK, kal'ek, FITZ-GREENE (1790- 

 1867), an American poet whose chief claim to 

 fame rests upon one patriotic poem, Marco 

 Bozzaris. He was born in Guilford, Conn. Ho 

 became a clerk in a New York bank, after 

 which, for a long period, he was the confidential 

 agent of John Jacob Astor and was named by 

 him one of the original trustees of the Astor 

 Library. In 1819 he collaborated with Joseph 

 Rodman Drake in the humorous series of 

 Croaker Papers, which appeared in the New 

 York Evening Post. Drake's death in 1819 in- 

 spired Halleck's most beautiful poem, begin- 

 ning "Green be'the turf above thee." His other 

 writings include Fanny, a satire on the follies, 



