HALLEY 



2670 



HALLOWE'EN 



fashions and celebrities of the day; Alnwick 

 Castle, Burns and Marco Bozzaris. See Boz- 

 ZARIS, MARCO. 



HALLEY, hal'i, EDMUND (1656-1742), an 

 English astronomer, the first to predict the date 

 of a return of a comet, a prediction verified by 

 subsequent visits of the comet that bears his 

 name. After graduating from Queen's College, 

 Oxford, he went to Saint Helena and spent two 

 years on the island, compiling a catalogue of the 

 stars of the Southern Hemisphere, which was 

 published in 1678. He was later sent on a sci- 

 entific expedition to the Pacific Ocean, but his 

 crew mutinied and compelled him to return 

 before his work was completed. He finished his 

 task in a second expedition and was given the 

 rank of captain in the British navy, with half 

 pay for life. In 1703 he was appointed pro- 

 fessor of geometry at Oxford and devoted much 

 of his time to compiling the result of his re- 

 searches on the orbits of comets. He became 

 secretary of the Royal Society in 1713 and As- 

 tronomer Royal in 1721. 



HalleyV Comet. This comet, named after 

 Edmund Halley, was rediscovered in 1682, when 

 it was visible for about a month. Previous 

 visits had been recorded in 1456, 1531 and 1607. 

 Halley predicted that it would be a constant 

 visitor, and in proof of the correctness of his 

 calculations the comet reappeared in 1759, 1835 

 and 1910. This comet appears once in nearly 

 seventy-six years; it will next be seen in 1986. 

 HALL OF FAME, a semicircular building of 

 granite erected in 1900 as a memorial to famous 

 Americans, on the grounds of the New York 

 University, overlooking the Hudson River. It 

 was established by a gift of $250,000, and con- 

 sists of a museum of seven rooms on the ground 

 floor, with a colonnade above, which is over 400 

 feet in length. Along the colonnade are 150 

 panels, in which the picture and the nanje and 

 dates of birth and death of each person elected 

 to a place in the Hall are to be placed. 



In 1900 fifty names were to be chosen, and 

 afterwards others were to be selected at the 

 rate of five every five years; according to this 

 plan, by the end of the century the 150 panels 

 would be filled. The nominations of the public 

 are invited, and these, after being seconded by 

 the University Senate, are submitted to a board 

 of one hundred judges chosen from all the 

 states. Only names of persons who have been 

 dead ten years or more may be considered, and 

 fifty-one votes are necessary to a choice. At 

 first only Americans born in the United States 

 were eligible, but in 1904 a plan was announced 



to add a room with space for thirty panels, in 

 which the pictures of foreign-born Americans 

 could be placed. In 1900, of the 252 names 

 submitted, only the twenty-nine (see list below) 

 received the required number of votes. The 

 vacancies were to be taken care of in ensuing 

 elections. The first list follows: 



George Washington 

 Abraham Lincoln 

 Dajiiel Webster 

 Benjamin Franklin 

 Ulysses S. Grant 

 John Marshall 

 Thomas Jefferson 

 Ralph Waldo Emerson 

 Robert Fulton 

 Henry W. Long-fellow 

 Washington Irving 

 Jonathan Edwards 

 Samuel F. B. Morse 

 David G. Farragut 

 Henry Clay 



Nathaniel Hawthorne 

 George Peabody 

 Peter Cooper 

 Robert E. Lee 

 Eli Whitney 

 John J. Audubon 

 Horace Mann 

 Henry Ward Beecher 

 James Kent 

 Joseph Story 

 John Adams 

 William E. Channing 

 Gilbert Stuart 

 Asa Gray 



In 1905 the following were added: 



John Q. Adams 

 James R. Lowell 

 William T. Sherman 

 James Madison 

 John G. Whittier 

 Alexander Hamilton 



Louis Agassiz 

 John P. Jones 

 Mary Lyon 

 Emma Willard 

 Maria Mitchell 



In 1910 these were added: 



William C. Bryant 

 Frances E. Willard 

 Andrew Jackson 

 George Bancroft 

 John L. Motley 



Harriet Beecher Stowe 

 Oliver W. Holmes 

 Edgar A. Poe 

 Roger Williams 

 James F. Cooper 

 Phillips Brooks 



In 1915 seven new names were added: 



Mark Hopkins Charlotte Cushman 



Francis Parkman Rufus Choate 



Elias Howe Daniel Boone 

 Joseph Henry 



Under a new rule four persons were reconsid- 

 ered ; two of them, John Paul Jones and Roger 

 Williams, were not reflected, so the total num- 

 ber is now fifty-six. Jones was rejected because 

 he had also served Russia, thereby becoming, 

 in the opinion of many of the electors, a soldier 

 of fortune. Williams failed of selection for the 

 reason that ministerial names are not popular 

 for the Hall of Fame. Charlotte Cushman 

 (which see) was the first member of the theat- 

 rical profession to be named. E.D.F. 



HALLOWE'EN, haloeen', or HALLOW- 

 EVEN, the evening of October 31, for young 

 people a time for gayety and pranks, a night to 

 play at being witches, ghosts and fairies. That 

 evening is so-called, however, because it is the 

 eve of the Christian festival of All Saints, which 

 falls on November 1 , It means Holy Eve, and is 



