HAMILTON 



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HAMILTON 



tion of national prosperity. Through his ini- 

 tiative the general government agreed to pay 

 the debts incurred by the states during the 

 Revolution; a national bank and mint were 

 established; and national revenues were pro- 

 vided for by means of import duties (see 

 TARIFF) and taxes on certain home products. 

 His financial policy brought him into sharp 

 conflict with Thomas Jefferson, who repre- 

 sented the party opposed to a strongly-cen- 

 tralized government, and in 1795 he resigned 

 and took up the practice of law in New York. 

 Hamilton's influence did not decline with 

 his retirement. He remained a trusted and 

 loyal adviser of Washington, giving him valued 

 support in the trying Jay Treaty crisis, and 

 for the retiring President he wrote the Fare- 

 well Address, In 1804 he became involved in a 

 political dispute with Aaron Burr and ac- 

 cepted the latter's challenge to a duel, in 

 which he fell mortally wounded. On the 

 monument which has been erected over his 

 grave in old Trinity Churchyard, New York, 

 one may to-day read this fitting tribute to 

 him: "The patriot of incorruptible integrity; 

 the soldier of approved valor ; the statesman of 

 consummate wisdom." 



Gertrude Atherton, a modern American novel- 

 ist, has treated Hamilton's life and character in 

 one of her best novels, The Conqueror. Consult, 

 also, Lodge's Alexander Hamilton, in "American 

 Statesmen Series." 



Related Subjects. Knowledge of Alexander 

 Hamilton and of the crises which he was called 

 upon to meet may be considerably increased by 

 consulting the following articles in these vol- 

 umes : 

 Articles of Confedera- Internal Revenue 



tion Jay Treaty 



Burr, Aaron Political Parties in the 



Federalist, The United States 



Federalist Party "Washington, George 



HAM'ILTON, the capital of the Bermuda 

 Islands. The modern seat of government was 

 removed from Saint George's, the former cap- 

 ital, in 1815. Hamilton was incorporated in 

 1793, was named for the governor, Henry Ham- 

 ilton, and was declared a city in 1898. It is 

 situated on the coast of Hamilton Island and 

 is the business and tourist center of the col- 

 ony, being the port of entry and departure of 

 all the regular lines of steamers that ply be- 

 tween these islands and America, Canada, 

 England and the West Indies. Hamilton is 

 described as a "dazzling town of whitewashed 

 limestone, with substantial stone wharfs and 

 fine, broad streets." The population is about 

 2,500. See BERMUDA ISLANDS, for map. 



HAMILTON, OHIO, the county seat of But- 

 ler County, situated in the southwestern part 

 of the state, on both banks of the Great 

 Miami River and on the Miami and Erie 

 Canal (at present not in use). It is twenty-five 

 miles north of Cincinnati and thirty-one miles 

 southwest of Dayton, and is served by the 

 Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton; the Penn- 

 sylvania; the Cincinnati, Indianapolis & West- 

 ern, and the Grand Rapids & Indiana rail- 

 roads. Interurban lines connect with Cincin- 

 nati, Dayton and Toledo. The area of the 

 city exceeds five square miles. The population 

 was 35,279 in 1910 and 40,496 in 1916, by Fed- 

 eral estimate. 



Hamilton is attractively located in the Mi- 

 ami Valley, noted for fertility and wealth of 

 vegetation. In the city are Ludlow, Suther- 

 land, Benninghofen and River Front parks. 

 A soldiers' and sailors' monument marks the 

 site of Old Fort Hamilton. The prominent 

 buildings are a county courthouse, costing 

 $350,000; a Federal building, costing $110,000; 

 a $250,000 Y. M. C. A. building; a $300,000 

 high school; Mercy Hospital, costing $150,000; 

 and the Lane Free Library. At Oxford, twelve 

 miles distant, are Miami University, Western 

 College and Oxford College. In the city are 

 more than 130 factories. One paper company, 

 with an annual output valued at $6,000,000, 

 employs over 1,500 men; a tool company, the 

 largest of its kind, employs 1,300 men, and 

 its annual production is valued at $3,000,000. 



In 1791, General Arthur Saint Clair founded 

 a fort on the present site of Hamilton as a 

 base for his expedition against the Miami In- 

 dians. He named the place in honor of Alex- 

 ander Hamilton. Two years later the fort was 

 used by General Anthony Wayne in an expedi- 

 tion in which he succeeded in opening up the 

 Northwest Territory to settlement. Hamilton 

 was incorporated as a town in 1810, and in 

 1857 it received a city charter. It was the 

 boyhood home of William Dean Howells, who 

 wrote of it in A Boy's Town. Hamilton was 

 one of the first American cities to own its 

 water, gas and electric plants. C.B.G. 



HAMILTON, ONTARIO, the county seat of 

 Wentworth County, one of the most important 

 manufacturing centers in Canada. It is situ- 

 ated on Burlington Bay, at the western ex- 

 tremity of Lake Ontario, thirty-nine miles 

 southwest of Toronto, by rail. The Toronto, 

 Hamilton & Buffalo, the Canadian Pacific and 

 the Grand Trunk railroads and four electric 

 lines connect the city with Dundas, Brant- 



