HAMPDEN 



2678 



HAMPTON INSTITUTE 



northwestern corner of the state, and extends 

 for two miles along the shore of Lake Michi- 

 gan and for five miles down the Illinois-Indiana 

 state line. The business center of Chicago is 

 eighteen miles northwest. Through the city 

 flows the Calumet River; this is navigable, and 

 discharges into Lake Michigan at South Chi- 

 cago, 111., and also through the Indiana Harbor 

 Canal. Hammond has the service of all the 

 railway lines approaching Chicago from the 

 east. Three interurban lines connect with Chi- 

 cago, East Chicago, Gary, Whiting, Indiana 

 Harbor and other cities in Northern Indiana. 

 Shipping facilities are further increased by the 

 operation of three belt lines. Hammond was 

 settled in 1868 and was named in honor of 

 Abram A. Hammond, acting governor of the 

 state (1860-1861). In 1883 it was organized as 

 a town, and in 1884 it received a city charter. 

 The population in 1916 was 26,171, by Federal 

 estimate; in 1910 the city had 21,101 people. 



Although Hammond is closely connected with 

 Chicago industrially, it is in itself a city of im- 

 portance. There are five parks well distributed 

 throughout the city, and a system of boulevards 

 to connect these parks was in course of con- 

 struction in 1917. Central Park contains the 

 public library. Sessions of the Lake County 

 Superior Court are held in Hammond, though 

 it is not the county seat. This court was estab- 

 lished by the state legislature to meet the needs 

 of the growing city. The development of Ham- 

 mond began with the establishment here of the 

 G. H. Hammond Company's packing house. 

 This firm was the first in the United States to 

 pack fresh meat for shipment (1869). For a 

 long time the town was known as a packing- 

 house community, but attention has been turned 

 to other branches of industry. At present the 

 city has one of the largest manufactories of 

 surgical instruments and one of the largest 

 printing and publishing houses in the United 

 States. 



HAMP'DEN, JOHN (1594-1643), a British 

 statesman who received the title of "Patriot 

 Hampden" for resisting Charles I's demand for 

 ship money, one form of taxation, after the 

 judges had decided in favor of the king's right 

 to levy. For this he was prosecuted in the 

 Court of Exchequer and argued his own case 

 against the Crown lawyers for twelve days be- 

 fore the twelve judges. Although the case was 

 decided against him by a vote of seven to five, 

 public opinion gave him the victory. Hamp- 

 den was a member of the Short Parliament and 

 the Long Parliament in 1640, and was one of 



the five members whom the king attempted to 

 seize in January, 1642. When civil war broke 

 out he commanded a regiment under the Earl 

 of Essex in the Parliamentary army. In the 

 skirmish on Chalgrove Field he received a 

 wound and died six days later. See CHARLES, 

 subhead Charles I. 



HAMPTON, WADE (1818-1902), an American 

 soldier, grandson of General Wade Hampton of 

 the Revolutionary War, was born in Columbia, 

 S. C. He was graduated from the University 

 of South Carolina, studied law but never prac- 

 ticed it, and served in both houses of the state 

 legislature. At the outbreak of the War of 

 Secession he organized and equipped at his 

 own expense a command of Confederate cav- 

 alry, infantry and artillery known as Hampton's 

 Legion. He won distinction at Bull Run and 

 Seven Pines, was made brigadier-general of 

 cavalry, took part in Lee's northern advance 

 and energetically opposed Sheridan's progress 

 in the Shenandoah Valley. In 1864 he became 

 lieutenant-general and assumed command of 

 Lee's entire cavalry forces. In 1865, as com- 

 mander of Johnston's cavalry, he made valiant 

 efforts to prevent Sherman's advance north- 

 ward from Savannah. From 1876 to 1879 he 

 was governor of South Carolina, United States 

 Senator from that state between 1879 and 1891, 

 and United States Commissioner of Railroads 

 from 1893 to 1897. 



H AMP 'TON COURT CONFERENCE, a 

 meeting called in 1604 by James I of England 

 to settle the differences between the Puritan 

 and High Church parties of the Church of Eng- 

 land. The conference lasted for three days and 

 resulted in a few trifling changes in the ritual, 

 but entirely failed to bring about the reforms 

 desired by the Puritans. An important indi- 

 rect result of the convocation was the revision 

 of the Bible, called the King James, or author- 

 ized, version of 1611. 



HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL 

 INSTITUTE, an undenominational, industrial 

 school established at Hampton, Va., in 1868, for 

 the education of negroes and Indians. Its in- 

 fluence on negro education has been note- 

 worthy. From it was graduated Booker T. 

 Washington, the greatest educator of the negro 

 race, himself the founder of a similar institu- 

 tion (see TUSKEGEE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL 

 INSTITUTE). Hampton Institute was opened in 

 1868 with two teachers and fifteen former slaves 

 as students, under the auspices of the American 

 Missionary Association. Its founder and first 

 superintendent was General Samuel Chapman 



