HARVARD UNIVERSITY 



2710 



HARVEST MOON 



the college, or academic department, and sev- 

 eral semi-independent professional schools with 

 no fixed standards of admission. The attend- 

 ance was between 1,000 and 1,100, and the 

 yearly income was less than $300,000. The 

 elective system had made its appearance in 

 1825, but the few elective courses offered were 

 not popular and were thought to be of little 

 value. The medical school, founded in 1782, 

 and the law school, founded in 1817, were not 

 yet on a secure basis. When Eliot resigned in 

 1909 he left a coordinated university, with pro- 

 fessional schools open only to college graduates, 

 over 5,000 students in all departments, and an 

 annual income, not including gifts and bequests, 

 of more than $2,000,000. He had also firmly 

 established the system of elective studies, 

 which, in more or less modified form, is now 

 found in almost every college and university in 

 the United States and Canada. In 1869 Har- 

 vard was merely a large New England college; 

 to-day it is one of the world's great univer- 

 sities. 



Organization of the University. For the 

 purposes of instruction the university is divided 

 into the four faculties of arts and sciences, law, 

 medicine, and divinity, each of which is dis- 

 cussed below: 



Arts and Sciences. The faculty of arts and 

 sciences includes the college, or undergraduate 

 department, and the graduate school of arts 

 and sciences, the graduate school of applied sci- 

 ence, and the graduate school of business ad- 

 ministration. The distinction between graduate 

 and undergraduate work is not very sharply 

 drawn, many of the courses of study being open 

 to both graduates and undergraduates, but only 

 college graduates are admitted as regular stu- 

 dents in the three graduate schools. About one 

 half of the university's total of 5,500 to 6,000 

 students are under the direction of this faculty. 

 Harvard College, the undergraduate depart- 

 ment, grants the degrees of Bachelor of Arts 

 (A. B.) and Bachelor of Science (S. B.), the 

 chief difference being that candidates for the 

 degree of S. B. need not offer Latin for admis- 

 sion. Admission to the college is by examina- 

 tion, but certificates of work previously done 

 are taken into consideration of the candidates' 

 eligibility. 



Law. The Harvard law school, founded in 

 1817, is one of the leaders among the law 

 schools in the United States. It was the first 

 law school to adopt the so-called "case method" 

 of teaching law, whereby the students study the 

 application of law in existing court decisions 



rather than in formal textbooks dealing with 

 abstract principles. The course covers three 

 years. 



Medicine. The medical school, like the law 

 school, stands in the front rank of American 

 professional schools. The work required cov- 

 ers four years, and graduates receive the degree 

 of Doctor of Medicine (M. D.). The equip- 

 ment of the school is of the most modern kind, 

 and the buildings, which are located in Boston, 

 are close to several large hospitals affording 

 facilities for clinics. 



The faculty of medicine also controls the 

 Harvard dental school, the only professional 

 department which does not require a collegiate 

 degree for admission. It does, however, require 

 all candidates for admission to pass an exam- 

 ination, through which the standard is kept 

 fairly high. 



Divinity. The divinity school was established 

 in 1819 as an Unitarian institution, but is now 

 undenominational, and no religious tests of any 

 kind are prescribed for the students or faculty. 

 In affiliation with it is Andover Theological 

 Seminary (Congregational), formerly located 

 at Andover, Mass., but since 1908 at Cam- 

 bridge. The courses of study offered by the 

 two schools are arranged to supplement each 

 other. 



Affiliated Institutions. In addition to the 

 regular courses during the academic year, the 

 university offers summer courses in nearly all 

 departments. Summer courses are open to 

 women as well as men, whereas the regular 

 courses, except a few of the most advanced 

 ones, are open to men only. The courses in the 

 summer schools, while sometimes correspond- 

 ing to the regular work, are designed mostly for 

 teachers, and work in the summer school is re- 

 warded by the special degree of associate. In 

 affiliation with Harvard are Radcliffe College 

 (which see), for women, and, since 1914, the 

 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (which 

 see). W.F.Z. 



Consult Pier's The Story of Harvard. 



HARVEST MOON, a name given to the full 

 moon that occurs nearest the autumnal equinox, 

 about September 21. It .rises about the same 

 time for several successive nights, shining with 

 such a brilliant light that farmers in Northern 

 latitudes are able to work in the harvest fields 

 until late at night. The harvest moon shines 

 much more brightly in Northern Europe and 

 Canada than in the United States, because 

 the "orb of night" is then traveling at its 

 least possible angle with the ecliptic (which 



