HAVERHILL 



2716 



HAVRE 



remembered as one of the heroes of the Sepoy 

 Rebellion. He commanded a division of the 

 army invading Persia in 1856, but on receiving 

 news of the outbreak of the mutiny in India 

 he went to Calcutta and quickly organized a 

 force to start from Allahabad to the relief of 

 Cawnpore and Lucknow. After severe fighting 

 he entered Cawnpore to find that the European 

 residents, men, women and children, had been 

 massacred. After many attempts his army, 

 worn by sickness and forced marches, reached 

 Lucknow. Here Havelpck and General Out- 

 rain, who had joined him at Cawnpore, were 

 besieged. The British troops, with a few 

 friendly natives, held off the enemy until re- 

 lieved by Sir Colin Campbell, in November, 

 1857. The defense and relief of Lucknow stand 

 out among the most brilliant feats of arms 

 ever achieved by British troops. Havelock 

 died five days after the relief, without know- 

 ing that he had been made a baronet and had 

 received other honors. See SEPOY REBELLION. 



HAVERHILL, ha'veril, MASS., one of the 

 largest boot-and-shoe manufacturing centers in 

 the world, possessing literary interest also as 

 the birthplace of John G. Whittier. .It is situ- 

 ated in the extreme northeastern part of the 

 state, in Essex County, at the head of navi- 

 gation of the Merrimac River, about eighteen 

 miles from the ocean. Lawrence is nine miles 

 southwest; Lowell, also southwest, is twenty- 

 five miles distant, and Boston is thirty-three 

 miles south. The Boston & Maine Railroad, 

 constructed to the city in 1837, affords rail- 

 way transportation, and electric lines radiate 

 in all directions. The area of the city is thirty- 

 two square miles. Its population in 1916 was 

 48,777, by Federal estimate; in 1910 it was 

 44,115. The city has fifteen parks, of which 

 the largest is Winnikenni Park, covering 214 

 acres of great natural beauty. A number of 

 small lakes supply an abundance of water. 



Buildings and Institutions. The most nota- 

 ble buildings are the high school, erected in 

 1910 at a cost, of $400,000; an $85,000 Elks' 

 Home, built in 1912; a Masonic Temple; His- 

 torical Society Building; Y. M. C. A. and Y. 

 W. C. A. buildings, and a Federal building. 

 Supplementing the public school system are the 

 Bradford Academy, for girls, two business col- 

 leges and a library. 



Industry. From its early days Haverhill has 

 been an industrial city. Its activity in the 

 manufacture of shoes began in 1795, and its 

 annual output is now valued at about $28,000,- 

 000; the cut-stock and findings establishments 



alone have an annual output estimated at 

 $9,600,000. In the combined branches of this 

 industry 15,300 people find employment. One 

 of the largest sole-leather manufactories in the 

 world is also located here. The brick industry, 

 also important, has been carried on in this 

 locality for 200 years, and the manufacture of 

 woolen hats has remained prominent since the 

 beginning of the eighteenth century. The lead- 

 ing woolen mills are the outgrowth of those 

 established in 1835. Besides these commodities 

 the city produces large quantities of wooden 

 and paper boxes, brick, cement and leather. 



History. Haverhill was settled in 1640, when 

 its Indian name of Pentucket was changed to 

 Haverhill, in honor of the Rev. John Wood, 

 the first minister, whose birthplace was Haver- 

 hill, England. The early town suffered severely 

 from the attacks of Indians, the most note- 

 worthy being one in 1698, when Hannah Dus- 

 tan, with her babe, was captured and taken to 

 New Hampshire, near the city of Penacook. 

 With the assistance of two other captives she 

 scalped a number of the Indians and escaped 

 to Haverhill. A monument to her memory 

 has been erected in one of the parks. A fire 

 in 1873 destroyed thirty-five business houses, 

 and one in 1882 almost totally destroyed the 

 shoe-manufacturing district, the loss being 

 estimated at $2,000,000. John Greenleaf Whit- 

 tier lived in Haverhill until 1836, and was a 

 student at Haverhill Academy. The city was 

 incorporated in 1869. Bradford, a residential 

 town on the opposite side of the river, with 

 connection by a bridge, was included in the 

 city in 1897. In 1908 the commission form of 

 government was adopted. D.N.C. 



HAVRE, hah' ver, is, next to Marseilles, the 

 most important seaport of France. It is in 

 the department of Seine Inferieure, 108 miles 

 northwest of Paris, excellently situated at the 

 mouth of the River Seine, with good railroad 

 and water communications with the interior 

 and a harbor that can accommodate 500 sea- 

 going vessels. The entrance to the harbor is 

 only about 300 feet wide, and is protected by 

 strong forts; the basin is divided into nine 

 sections, with more than eight miles of docks. 

 Havre has important industries and manufac- 

 tures of machinery, cotton goods, chemicals, 

 sugar and glass, and there are also large plants 

 engaged in making heavy guns and building 

 battleships. Most of the commerce is car- 

 ried on in normal times with the United States, 

 Great Britain and Germany, great quantities 

 of cotton and other produce being imported. 



