HAWAII 



2718 



HAWAII 



.,* 



HONOLULU 



AND 



PEARL HARBOR 



SCALE OF MILES 

 J z 3 4 



were pure Hawaiians, and one-fifteenth were 

 part Hawaiians. The Japanese then formed 

 the largest part of the population, numbering 

 90,000. Besides those there were 23,000 Portu- 

 guese, 21,000 Chinese, 15,000 Americans, Brit- 

 ish, Germans and Russians, and about 15,000 

 Filipinos. Immigration of Japanese and Chi- 

 nese has been prohibited, however, and Fili- 

 pinos are being brought in to furnish the much- 

 needed labor. 



Although luxurious modern dwellings are 

 common in the cities, the homes of natives 

 are of rough wood or are grass-thatched huts. 

 Bananas, sweet potatoes, yams, breadfruit and 

 cocoanuts constitute a large part of Hawaiian 

 diet; the national dish, called poi, is made 

 from the root of the colocasia. 



Language and Religion. In a population so 

 mixed, both language and religion are natu- 

 rally varied. English is the official language 

 and is taught in the schools. Early mission- 

 aries succeeded in bringing Christianity to the \ 

 native Hawaiians. The Chinese and Japanese 

 generally hold to their Oriental religion, and \ 

 the language of their home lands is commonly I 

 heard. The Portuguese are mostly Roman * 

 Catholic, and about half of the entire popula- 

 tion is Protestant. 



The Land. These islands are the tops of 

 large volcanic cones which have been raised 

 from the ocean bottom. Through the ages 

 those busy little builders, the coral insects, | 



have edged most of the islands with reefs, but 

 none is entirety coral-reef encircled. All of the 

 islands are mountainous, but only Hawaii is 

 actively volcanic. That island has two of the 

 largest craters in the world, Mauna Kea, which 

 is easily ascended and is 13,805 feet high, and 

 Mauna Loa, 13,675 feet high. On the eastern 

 slope of Mauna Loa is the far-famed Kilauea, 

 the most active volcano in the world. Most 

 of the islands, especially Kauai, are cut into 

 deep ravines, gorges and picturesque crags. 

 Here and there the coasts are rocky, and in 

 such places they present to the sea bold cliffs 

 100 to 1,000 or more feet high, which extend 

 for several miles. In other spots the coasts 

 are sandy beaches and coral reefs. Between 

 the inland mountains and the coasts extend 

 fertile plains and valleys, where agriculture is 

 extensively carried on. Hawaiian rivers are 

 chiefly small mountain torrents. 



In 1916 Congress made the wonderful Kilauea 

 region into a national park. 



Although naked lava fields occur, especially 

 on the island of Hawaii, ferns and flowering 

 plants abound, and many spots are luxurious 

 riots of tropical verdure and color. Fruit- 

 growing trees and shrubs are plentiful and 

 economically important grasses abound. Large 

 upland areas are covered with forests of tropi- 

 cal trees, such as the koa, the candle-nut and 

 the ohia, or mountain apple, whose wood is 

 valuable for the manufacture of furniture, 



