HAWAII 



2722 



HAWAII 



Captain Cook lost his life in a conflict with the 

 natives in 1779. At that time each island had 

 a king, but in 1790 Kamehameha I by force 

 of arms formed them into one kingdom under 

 his rule. When he died in 1819, his son, Liho- 

 liho, succeeded him, with the title of Kame- 

 hameha II. His reign was famous for the abo- 

 lition of idolatry and of the system of taboo. 

 American missionaries visiting the islands in 

 1820 were well received, as the king saw the 

 necessity of introducing a religion to replace 

 the one which he had abolished. In 1823 

 Kamehameha II and his queen visited England, 

 and both died there in 1824. 



The widow of Kamehameha I then gained 

 power and ruled for nine years, when the 

 younger brother of the last king, reaching his 

 majority, ascended the throne. Kamehameha 

 III granted a constitution providing for a gov- 

 ernment consisting of a king, an assembly of 

 nobles and a representative council. The inde- 

 pendence of the Hawaiian kingdom was for- 

 mally guaranteed by the French and English 

 governments in 1843. Kamehameha IV (1854- 

 1863) promoted the principles of civilization, 

 and during the reign of his brother, Kame- 

 hameha V, foreign commerce and local busi- 

 ness prospered. With the death of the latter 

 in 1873, the line of Kamehamehas became 

 extinct. A series of short, troubled reigns 

 ensued until, with the reign of Queen Liliuoka- 

 lani matters reached a crisis. She ascended 

 the throne in 1891. It immediately became 

 evident that she intended to rule without a 

 constitution. Headed by the progressive party, 

 a revolution broke out and the queen was 

 deposed. A provisional government was then 

 formed, and as overtures for annexation to the 

 United States were not favorably received, 

 owing in large measure to the opposition of 

 President Grover Cleveland, the Republic of 

 Hawaii was proclaimed on July 4, 1894. A con- 

 stitution modeled after that of the United 

 States was adopted. 



After repeated efforts to annex the islands, 

 Sanford B. Dole, the President of Hawaii in 

 1898, visited Washington in the interest of 

 annexation. In July, 1898, President McKinley 

 signed a joint resolution passed by Congress, 

 in accordance with which he appointed a com- 

 mission to visit the islands and map out a plan 

 of government. A month later the United 

 States took formal possession of the islands. 

 In April, 1900, an act of Congress made pro- 

 vision for a territorial government, and Dole, 

 the former president of the republic, was made 



Outline and Questions on 

 Hawaii 



I. Location and Size 



(1) Central position in Pacific 



(2) Number of islands 



(3) Area of inhabited islands 



(4) Comparative size of islands 



II. Physical Features and Climate 



(1) Volcanic origin 



(2) Present-day volcanoes 



(3) Short, rapid rivers 



(4) Character of coast line 



(5) Moderate climate 



(6) Rainfall 



III. People 



(1) Population 



(2) Mixed character of population 



( 3 ) Language 



(4) Religion and education 



IV. Industries and Transportation 



(1) Agriculture 



(2) Comparatively unimportant manu- 



factures 



(3) Mining 



(4) Railways 300 miles 



(5) Harbors and steamship lines 



V. History and Government 



(1) Discovery and exploration 



(2) Growth under Kamehamehas 



(3) Period of revolution 



(4) Annexation to United States 

 ( 5 ) Government as a territory 



Questions 



What language is taught in the 

 schools? 



What naval station has the United 

 States in the islands? 



What is poif 



How many street railways are there 

 in the islands? 



What is the ordinary dress of a 

 Hawaiian woman? 



What has been the effect on the banks 

 of annexation to the United States? 



Why was the last queen deposed? 



What famous settlement is there on 

 Molokai? 



What unique system of irrigation is 

 there on the islands? 



What famous explorer lost his life in 

 the Hawaiian Islands? 



What are Hawaii's "groves of dam- 

 aged umbrellas?" 



How are the islands represented in 

 the United States legislature? 



What did Captain Cook call Hawaii? 



What is the most active volcano in 

 the world? Describe it. 



