HAY 



2727 



HAY 



out pgain in the morning. The operations of 

 cutting, raking and stacking are now generally 

 performed by machinery. Hay is often stacked 

 out-of-doors, the stack being covered with a 

 thick thatch of straw, arranged in the shape of 

 a cone, to keep out the rain. More frequently 

 it is put into hay barns or lofts. 



Fresh cut hay should not be fed to horses 

 or cattle, as it is too relaxing. It is better kept 

 in the stack until it has undergone a sweating 



Ontario 



Figures Represent Thousands of Tons 



WHERE MOST OF THE HAY IS PRODUCED 



process and has cooled again. If stored too 

 green the sweating is liable to generate such 

 heat that the hay becomes scorched and useless. 

 Hay may be fed whole or cut, and it is an ex- 

 cellent winter feed. For hard-worked horses 

 chopped hay with added meal is good, but no 

 farm stock should be fed entirely on hay, 

 whether from grass, alfalfa or cereals; some 

 grain food is always necessary. Hay made from 

 clover and alfalfa is rich in strength-building 

 protein and is much more nutritious than tim- 

 othy or Kentucky blue-grass hay. For shipping 

 purposes, hay is baled by machinery and is 

 readily handled. It requires less than one-third 

 the space needed for loose hay, and for this 

 reason many farmers would find it cheaper to 

 buy baled hay or have their own loose hay 

 baled than to build a large barn. Another ad- 

 vantage of baled hay is that it will not burn. 

 In the United States the crop of timothy and 

 clover mixed averages yearly about 35,000,000 

 tons, valued at over $357,000,000, or $10.40 per 



ton. Timothy alone comes next, with a produc- 

 tion of nearly 18,000,000 tons, valued at an 

 average of $188;000,000, or $10.46 per ton; al- 

 falfa, 12,000,000 tons, worth $93,100,000, or $7.85 

 per ton; while buffalo and other prairie grasses 

 are valued at $91,000,000, or $4.95 per ton, the 

 production averaging 18,375,000 tons. The av- 

 erage yield per acre is usually as follows: tim- 

 othy and clover mixed, 1.27 tons; timothy 

 alone, 1.22 tons; alfalfa, 2.52 tons; wild grasses, 

 1.07 tons. In Canada the yield of hay and 

 clover for the year 1914 was estimated at 10,- 

 259,000 tons, valued at $145;999,000, or an aver- 

 age of $14.23 per ton. The alfalfa crop was 

 218,360 tons, valued at $3,095,600, or an average 

 of $14.17 per ton. 



Rlated Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Alfalfa Grasses 



Barn, subhead The Hay Proteins 



Barn Timothy 



Clover 



HAY, JOHN (1838-1905), an American states- 

 man, diplomat and writer, famed for his advo- 

 cacy of the "open door" policy in regard to 

 Chinese trade, for his work in behalf of world 

 peace, and for his brilliant management of the 

 foreign affairs of 

 the United States 

 while he was Sec- 

 retary of State 

 under Presidents 

 McKinley and 

 Roosevelt. He 

 was born at Sa- 

 lem, Ind., was 

 graduated at 

 Brown University 

 in 1858, and after 

 studying law was 

 admitted to the 

 bar at Springfield, 111., in 1861. He was a close 

 personal friend of President Lincoln, who made 

 him his assistant private secretary and aid-de- 

 camp, and he later recorded his impressions of 

 the Great Emancipator in his masterly Life of 

 Abraham Lincoln, written with the aid of John 

 G. Nicolay. Between 1865 and 1870 Hay was 

 in the diplomatic service as secretary of several 

 foreign legations, and in 1879-1881 he acted as 

 first assistant secretary of state. President Mc- 

 Kinley made him ambassador to Great Britain 

 in 1897, and a year later he was appointed Sec- 

 retary of State, a position which he filled with 

 high distinction until his death. In addition to 

 the Life of Lincoln, he wrote, among other 



JOHN HAY 



