HAYDN 



2728 



HAYES 



works, Pike County Ballads, Castilian Days and 

 several volumes of essays. 



HAYDN, ha'd'n, in German hi' d'n, JOSEF 

 (1732-1809), celebrated musical composer, the 

 originator of the symphony in the form after- 

 wards perfected by Mozart and Beethoven. 

 The character of his music, in the simplicity of 

 its beauty, its 

 hopefulness and 

 its geniality, is a 

 reflection of his 

 own tempera- 

 ment. To the 

 children of his 

 day he was lov- 

 ingly known as 

 "Papa Haydn." 



"Melody is the 

 charm of music, 

 and the invention 

 of a fine air is the 

 work of a genius" 

 -this is the prin- JOSEF HAYDN 



ciple upon which he based his 125 symphonies, 

 eighty-three quartets, thirty-eight trios, eight 



oratorios, fourteen operas, twenty-four con- 

 certos for different instruments, and his many 

 songs. 



He was born at Rohrau, Austria, first gained 

 recognition at the age of eight as choir boy at 

 Saint Stephen's Church, Vienna, and later be- 

 came a popular music instructor in that city. 

 From 1761 to 1790 he was musical director to 

 Prince Esterhazy, and many of his best sym- 

 phonies, several operas, much church music, and 

 a large amount of chamber music of every de- 

 scription were the outcome of his activity dur- 

 ing this time. He was the first to declare his 

 confidence in Mozart's powers, and they became 

 warm friends. In 1791 and 1794 Haydn visited 

 England, where he brought out his Twelve 

 Grand Symphonies. Upon his return to Aus- 

 tria he composed his oratorios, the Creation 

 and the Seasons. The Creation contains music 

 of much beauty and power, and in the orches- 

 tral treatment of many of its passages may be 

 regarded as the foundation of modern descrip- 

 tive music. 



Consult Upton's translation of Hocker's Josef 

 Haydn. 



*jSjf/s^ B i r t hplace, Delaware. 



' 



-'l THE STORY OF PRESIDENT HAYES 



.AYES, RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD (1822- 

 1893), an American soldier and stateman, and 

 the nineteenth President of the United States. 

 After four years of distinguished service in the 

 War of Secession, Hayes served several terms 

 as Representative in Congress and as governor 

 of Ohio, and was then President from 1877 to 

 1881. He owed his election to his conservatism ; 

 he was acceptable to a people who felt there 

 had been laxness in the government. His ad- 

 ministration was noteworthy chiefly for the end 

 of Reconstruction in the South, for the resump- 

 tion of specie payments and for the Bland- 

 Allison Silver Purchase Act. (Each of these is 

 described in these volumes.) 



In a wider sense, however, the administration 

 is notable for the achievements of Hayes him- 

 self. Throughout his term he was constantly 

 handicapped and attacked by an opposing ele- 

 ment in his own party, and it was only by the 



aid of Democratic votes that the reforms he 

 advocated were obtained. Hayes deserves to 

 rank as a great builder; if the President did not 

 always obtain what he wanted, many times he 

 laid a foundation on which his successors could 

 build. Hayes had the advantage of a good 

 education and a variety of interests which gave 

 him a broad, sane outlook on the political and 

 economic problems of the day. If his character 

 and his career are to be summed up in a 

 phrase they cannot be called brilliant, but they 

 were sound and distinguished. 



Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born at Dela- 

 ware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822. His father, 

 also named Rutherford, died in the July pre- 

 ceding his son's birth, leaving his widow in 

 modest but not straitened circumstances. The 

 boy received his primary education in the pub- 

 lic school, but at an early age also studied 

 Latin and Greek under a tutor. After further 



