HEARST 



2744 



HEART 



into the great interior is generally credited to 

 him. He was stationed at Fort Prince of 

 Wales, at the mouth of the Churchill River; 

 while there, some Indians from the far north 

 came in to trade and displayed large pieces of 

 copper which they had found on the banks of 

 a "great river." Several months later, in 1769, 

 the company decided to investigate the stories 

 told by the Indians and chose Hearne to lead 

 an exploring party. Hearne's orders were to 

 go as far as 70 north latitude, to smoke the 

 calumet of peace with the Indians, to take 

 astronomical observations, to reach this river 

 abounding with copper and "animals of the fur 

 kind," and finally, if possible, to determine the 

 existence or nonexistence of the Northwest 

 Passage. After two unsuccessful starts, Hearne 

 succeeded, in July, 1771, in reaching the mouth 

 of the Coppermine River. After many hard- 

 ships he again reached Fort Prince of Wales 

 in June, 1772. Considering the difficulties of 

 the country through which they passed, the 

 achievement of Hearne was a notable one, and 

 it was of greatest importance because it es- 

 tablished friendly relations with the Indians 

 from the shores of Hudson Bay to Lake Atha- 

 baska. G.H.L. 



HEARST, hurst, WILLIAM HOWARD (1864- 

 ), a Canadian barrister and statesman, long 

 known for his efforts to develop Northern 

 Ontario. He was one of Sir James P. Whit- 

 ney's chief lieutenants, and his successor as 

 premier of Ontario. He was born in Bruce 

 County, Ont., attended the local schools and 

 Collingwood Collegiate Institute, and in 1888 

 was called to the bar. Though he soon took 

 an active interest in political life, he held no 

 office until 1905, when Whitney appointed him 

 a special government agent in connection with 

 the Guarantee Loan & Lake Superior Corpora- 

 tion's affairs. In 1908 he was elected as a Con- 

 servative to the Ontario legislature, and in 

 1911 was appointed provincial minister of 

 lands, forests and mines, a position in which 

 he secured the enactment of practical mining 

 laws needed for the development of the Cobalt 

 district and other sections. As premier of the 

 province, after 1914, Hearst proved himself an 

 energetic worker and an eloquent speaker. See, 

 also, ONTARIO, subhead History. 



HEARST, WILLIAM RANDOLPH (1863- ), 

 an American newspaper-owner, editor and poli- 

 tician, and one of the best-known publishers 

 in the world. He is the only son of former 

 United States Senator George Hearst of Cali- 

 fornia, a "Forty-niner," as the gold seekers of 



1849 were called, and one of the "bonanza 

 kings" of California. The son was educated 

 at Harvard University, where'lie became inter- 

 ested in college newspaper work, and before 

 his graduation was editor-in-chief of the Har- 

 vard Lampoon. 



Given his choice of his father's many hok 

 ings, he chose a newspaper in San Francis 

 which the family had acquired for politic 

 reasons. This paper, the Examiner, became 

 financial success after many thousands of dol- 

 lars were spent; then Hearst's ambitions turne 

 towards New York. He bought the Journal 

 upset all traditions and violated old precedent 

 and made his paper profitable in a short spa( 

 of time. He has since added the New Yorl 

 American; the Chicago American (evening) 

 and Examiner (morning) ; the Advertiser 

 Boston, the Georgian in Atlanta, and the 

 Examiner in Los Angeles. Besides these 

 riodicals, he publishes several widely-reac 

 magazines Hearst's, Motor, and Good Hoi 

 keeping and a Hebrew newspaper (Ne\ 

 York) that has a larger circulation than 

 other Jewish paper in the United States, 

 was elected to Congress by the largest mi 

 jority ever given a candidate in New Yoi 

 City, was an unsuccessful candidate for tl 

 Democratic nomination for President of tl 

 United States in 1904, and in 1905 was defeat* 

 for the mayoralty of New York City on tl 

 municipal ownership ticket. In 1906 he w 

 defeated in his ambition to become governor 

 New York, after having been nominated bj 

 an independent party. 



HEART, the great living pump by whic 

 the blood is driven through all parts of 

 body for the purpose of carrying nourishmei 

 to its cells. It is a tireless organ, working 

 and night from before birth until the end 

 life, and stops to rest only between its stroke 

 familiarly called "beats." The heart of 

 tiny baby beats 120 times a minute, that 

 a child of seven, ninety times, and that of 

 adult between seventy and eighty time 

 seventy-two being the average. 



It is interesting to estimate the amount 

 work done by this busy machine. At the rat 

 of seventy strokes a minute it beats nearl 

 37,000,000 times a year. About six ounces 

 blood are moved at each stroke, making a tot 

 of eighteen pounds a minute, twelve tons 

 day and 4,380 tons a year. The work dc 

 each day by the heart corresponds to tht 

 performed by a man of average weight in rui 

 ning up a flight of forty steps forty times, 



