HEATING AND VENTILATION 



2753 



HEBE 



an ordinary living room. The following table, 

 prepared by Dr. John S. Billings, an authority 

 on heating and ventilation, shows what may 

 be considered the ideal allowance for various 

 buildings : 



CUBIC FEET OF 

 AIR PER HOUR 



Hospitals 3,600 per bed 



Legislative assembly halls 3,600 per seat 



Barracks, bedrooms and work- 

 shops 3,000 per person 



Schools and churches 2,400 per person 



Theaters and ordinary halls of 



audience 2,000 per seat 



Office rooms 1,800 per person 



The ventilation of the ordinary dwelling 

 house is usually provided for by the natural 

 interchange of air through doors and windows, 

 and in some cases by a system of flues in con- 

 nection with the heating plant. For supplying 

 large buildings with fresh air it is now cus- 

 tomary to install some mechanical system 

 of ventilation. The system most generally 

 adopted, known as the plenum, consists in forc- 

 ing fresh air into the building by means of 

 blowers or fans, placed in the air ducts. 



Ventilation of Schools. The heating and 

 ventilating system of the modern schoolhouse 

 in large towns and cities is usually of the 

 standard degree of efficiency, but many schools 

 in rural districts and villages are built with- 

 out any special devices for securing the admit- 

 tance of fresh air and the escape of foul air. 

 Pupils who must study for any length of time 

 in a poorly-ventilated room become drowsy, 

 restless and inattentive, and it is one of the 

 teacher's most important duties to see that 

 unwholesome conditions do not prevail in her 

 room. The simplest device for securing proper 

 ventilation is a board about eight inches wide, 

 fitted to the casing under the lower sash. 

 When the window is raised the board will 

 force the air upward and prevent its blowing 

 directly on any of the children. During recess 

 and intermissions the room should be thor- 

 oughly flushed with fresh air. 



Recirculated Air. Modern investigations 

 have shown that the chief requirements in ven- 

 tilation are to keep air constantly in motion 

 and to prevent its becoming too dry. In some 

 institutions, now, the air is circulated over and 

 over again, but is constantly washed by being 

 sent through a spray of water which takes out 

 all dust and foul matter, and moistens it. This 

 results in a great saving in fuel in winter, and 

 it seems to meet all the requirements of health, 

 especially when a small amount of outdoor 

 173 



air is constantly mixed with the recirculated 

 air. E.D.F. 



HEAVEN, hev"n. In religion the word ap- 

 plies to the region where God's immediate 

 presence is manifested and where the angels 

 reside. Among Christians the general belief 

 since the resurrection of Christ has been that 

 all who live good, pure lives on earth go to 

 heaven after death. It is the place of ever- 

 lasting life, and its joys are purely spiritual. 

 Where this region is no one knows, although 

 the expression of Jesus, "The kingdom of 

 heaven is within you," has led to the idea that 

 heaven is in reality a pure, spiritual condition 

 of mind. 



HEAVES, heevz, commonly known as 

 BROKEN WIND, is a disease to which horses are 

 subject. It is chiefly characterized by diffi- 

 culty in expelling air from the lungs, and be- 

 comes very marked during exercise. Air is 

 easily inhaled, but is forced out with heavings 

 of the stomach muscles and general signs of 

 distress. The nostrils become dilated, the eyes 

 bloodshot, and the victim becomes incapable 

 of long-continued effort. Although it affects 

 the lungs, the disease probably arises from 

 stomach disorders which act upon the nerves 

 of the lungs. No certain cure is known; the 

 use of camphor, digitalin, opium and other 

 drugs produces only temporary relief. Change 

 of diet is beneficial, and an oat-fed horse with 

 a mild case of heaves may sometimes be cured 

 if turned out to pasture or fed on laxative 

 food, such as cornstalks. 



HEAVYSEGE, hev'iseej, CHARLES (1816- 

 1876), a Canadian poet best known as the 

 author of Saul, the first important Canadian 

 drama. He was born at Liverpool, England, 

 where he worked for many years as a cabinet- 

 maker. In 1853 he went to Canada, where he 

 first worked at his trade and later wrote for a 

 Montreal newspaper. His first work, The 

 Revolt of Tartarus, appeared anonymously in 

 the year of his arrival in Canada. Four years 

 later appeared Saul, a poetic drama of excep- 

 tional merit; though uneven in execution, the 

 poem is original in conception and contains 

 many passages of striking beauty and power. 

 Among his later work were The Advocate, a 

 novel, and several dramas, including Count 

 F Hippo; The Dark' Huntsman; the Owl; and 

 Jephthah's Daughter. G.H.L. 



HEBE, he' be, in ancient myth was the god- 

 dess of youth, who poured out the nectar with 

 which the gods pledged each other. One day, 

 upon a solemn occasion, she tripped and fell. 



