HIGH RIVER 



2795 



HILL 



HIGH RIVER, a town in the Macleod dis- 

 trict, Alberta, on the Calgary-Lethbridge branch 

 of the Canadian Pacific Railway, forty miles 

 south of Calgary and sixty-eight miles north of 

 Macleod. The Highwood River, a tributary of 

 the Bow, flows through the town. High River 

 is the center of a mixed farming district, and 

 the neighborhood also has deposits of coal, clay 

 and gravel. Oil has been struck about fifteen 

 miles northwest of the town, but the perma- 

 nent importance of the wells is uncertain. 

 There are lumber yards, a lumber mill and a 

 creamery in the town, but the chief industry is 

 the storing and shipping of grain. Like most 

 of the towns in this section High River has had 

 a rapid growth, its population increasing from 

 150 in 1901 to 1,182 in 1911 and to. 1,400 (esti- 

 mated) in 1916. 



HIGH SEAS, a term applied to all parts of 

 the oceans and open seas more than three miles 

 from land. It does not refer to bays, harbors 

 or landlocked waters. Within the three-mile 

 limit the control of the sea belongs to the na- 

 tion whose coast the sea washes. Beyond the 

 three-mile limit the sea becomes an inter- 

 national area, accessible, by agreement of all 

 nations, on equal terms to all. Vessels of a 

 friendly power may be searched while within 

 the three-mile limit if arousing suspicion in any 

 way, or if necessary they may be pursued and 

 searched beyond those limits. In time of war 

 belligerent nations exercise the right of search 

 on the high seas in connection with neutral 

 vessels suspected of violating neutrality laws. 

 Such vessels may also be captured if found 

 running a blockade maintained by a power at 

 war. Such was the world-wide understanding 

 before the War of the Nations, which began in 

 1914. In that struggle Germany assumed the 

 right to destroy without warning any vessel, 

 either neutral or belligerent, which entered a 

 wide prohibited area of the high seas around 

 Western and Southern Europe. See NEUTRAL- 

 ITY; SEARCH, RIGHT OF; INTERNATIONAL LAW. 



HIGH 'WAY. In early England the main- 

 traveled public roads were the only ones raised 

 above the natural level of the countryside, and 

 people naturally referred to such a road in any 

 neighborhood as the "heigh rode" or the "heigh 

 weye," and to its continuation into a town as 

 the "heigh strete." High Street is still a com- 

 mon name in English and Canadian cities, and 

 highway is now made a popular title of roads 

 nearly everywhere. In law, highway designates 

 any public road. See ROADS AND STREETS; LIN- 

 COLN HIGHWAY; DIXIE HIGHWAY. 



HILL, an elevation of land rising not more 

 than 2,000 feet above the surrounding country 

 formed in three ways: by glaciers, which on 

 melting leaves stones and sand; by volcanic 

 action; or by the gradual wearing away of pla- 

 teaus by rain (see EROSION). They present a 

 pleasing aspect in any generally level country, 

 and when many are closely grouped they may 

 become notable for their scenic beauty. The 

 Berkshire Hills in Massachusetts are covered 

 with trees and carpets of grass, and are so beau- 

 tiful in effect that many people admire them 

 as much as their lofty big brothers, the moun- 

 tains. Some hills which are a great deal higher 

 than the land around them are called moun- 

 tains, although incorrectly so; those near the 

 base of a mountain range are called foothills. 

 See MOUNTAIN ; MORAINE. 



HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843-1910), an Ameri- 

 can lawyer and public official, former governor 

 of New York and a United States Senator. 

 He was born in Havana, N. Y., where his 

 father was a carpenter in poor circumstances. 

 In 1864 he was admitted to the bar and speed- 

 ily built up a large practice in Elmira. He was 

 elected to the Assembly in 1871, took an active 

 part in reform legislation, and assisted Tilden 

 in fighting Tammany Hall. In 1882 he was 

 elected mayor of Elmira, and became lieuten- 

 ant-governor of New York the same year. 

 Upon Cleveland's resignation as governor in 

 1885 to assume the duties of President of the 

 United States, he became governor; in 1886 was 

 elected to the office and served until 1892. 

 During his second administration the death 

 penalty was changed in New York state from 

 hanging to electrocution, largely through his 

 efforts. 



In 1892 he was elected to the United States 

 Senate, where he vigorously opposed many 

 measures approved by President Cleveland. 

 He was a prominent candidate for the Presidency 

 in 1892, and two years later was defeated by 

 Levi P. Morton for another term as governor. 

 After the expiration of his Senatorial term in 

 1897 he practiced law in Albany, and at his 

 death had become one of the ablest lawyers in 

 the state. 



HILL, DAVID JAYXE (1850- ), an Ameri- 

 can educator and diplomat, was born in Plain- 

 field, N. J. He w r as educated at Bucknell Uni- 

 versity, and from 1879 to 1888 was the presi- 

 dent of that institution, resigning in order to 

 accept the presidency of the University of 

 Rochester, where he remained eight years. After 

 spending three years in the study of law in 



