HILL 



2796 



HIMALAYA 



Europe, he became professor of diplomacy in a 

 law school in Washington, D. C. From 1898 

 to 1903 he was an assistant Secretary of State 

 of the United States. He was then in turn 

 minister to Switzerland and to the Netherlands, 

 and was ambassador to Germany from 1908 till 

 1911. He is a member of various learned so- 

 cieties and author of Lije oj Washington Ir- 

 ving, Science oj Rhetoric, The Lije and Work 

 oj Hugo Grotius, A History oj Diplomacy in 

 the International Development oj Europe and 

 International Justice. 



HILL, JAMES JEROME (1838-1916), the man 

 whose foresight and energy made him the fore- 

 most leader in developing the great "North- 

 west" of the United States and Canada, was 

 born on a farm near Guelph, Ont., and edu- 

 cated at the 

 Rockwood, Ont., 

 academy. The 

 death of his fa- 

 ther when James 

 was a mere lad 

 necessitated h i s 

 leaving school, 

 and for a time he 

 worked in a local 

 store for four dol- 

 lars a month. At 

 the age of sixteen 

 he left home and 

 went to Saint Paul, Minn., then a village of 

 about 5,000 inhabitants. Here he secured em- 

 ployment with a steamboat company, and his 

 honesty, industry and business ability led to 

 rapid advancement. 



At the age of twenty-five he was agent of the 

 Northwestern Packet Company. Five years 

 later he organized the Red River Transporta- 

 tion Company, which was the first to open 

 communication between Saint Paul and Winni- 

 peg. This was the first of a series of enterprises 

 which culminated in the completion of the 

 Great Northern Railway system, with its line 

 of steamers connecting Puget Sound with the 

 Orient. The next important event in this 

 series was the purchase of the Saint Paul & Pa- 

 cific Railroad by a syndicate which Mr. Hill 

 organized. The company was reorganized in 

 1879 as the Saint Paul, Minneapolis & Mani- 

 toba Railway Company. To this organization 

 Mr. Hill devoted the remainder of his life. 

 Whatever the official position he held in the 

 company, he was recognized as its controlling 

 genius. The new company built lines of rail- 

 way across Minnesota into Dakota, and one 



JAMES J. HILL 

 Master railroad builder of 

 America. 



extending northward as far as Winnipeg. In 

 1890 these roads became a part of the Great 

 Northern system. The main line~ of this sys- 

 tem, extending from Duluth to Puget Sound, 

 was built between 1888 and 1893, with Mr. Hill 

 as the chief promoter. The Great Northern 

 Steamship Line completed the connection with 

 China and Japan. The Great Northern was the 

 first transcontinental railroad built without gov- 

 ernment aid. 



Mr. Hill was the foremost authority on trans- 

 portation and was one of the leading financiers 

 of America. His advice was sought in the great 

 financial centers, and he became vice-president 

 of the New York Chamber of Commerce and a 

 member of the board of directors of several of 

 the largest banks. Mr. Hill was a convincing 

 public speaker and a fluent writer. He gave 

 $500,000 to found a theological seminary in 

 Saint Paul, and was known for his simplicity of 

 life and his kindness. W.F.R. 



HILLIS, NEWELL DWIGHT (1858- ), an 

 American Presbyterian clergyman, author and 

 lecturer, born at Magnolia, Iowa. He was edu- 

 cated at Iowa College and at Lake Forest (111.) 

 University, and was graduated from McCor- 

 mick Theological Seminary, Chicago, in 1887. 

 He entered the ministry in the latter year, his 

 first pastorates being in Peoria and Evanston, 

 111. In 1894 he succeeded David Swing as pas- 

 tor of Central Church in Chicago and in 1899 

 was called to the Plymouth Congregational 

 Church in Brooklyn, N. Y., which Henry Ward 

 Beecher had made famous. Dr. Hillis is widely 

 known as a lecturer, and is the author of A 

 Man's Value to Society, How the Inner Light 

 Failed, Prophets oj a New Era and many other 

 works. In 1915 he became seriously involved 

 financially through unfortunate speculations 

 undertaken for himself and friends. This con- 

 duct, so unusual in the ministry, he openly 

 confessed to his congregation and began at 

 once to plan restitution, secure in the confi- 

 dence of his thousands of friends. 



HIMALAYA, himah'laya, the highest moun- 

 tain system in the world, situated in Asia. The 

 word is Sanskrit and means the abode oj snow, 

 or the snowy range. The name is usually con- 

 fined to the great rampart of mountains that 

 encircles the northern part of the peninsula of 

 India and separates it from the elevated table- 

 land of Tibet (which see). They sweep in a 

 gigantic arc which has its rounded side turned 

 south, and stretch from the great bend of the 

 Indus on the west to the great bend of the 

 Brahmaputra on the east. These two great riv- 



