HOCKEY 



2805 



HOE 



swung by the current parallel to the channel 

 instead of across it, but the spectacular daring 

 of the attempt captured the imagination of 

 the American people, and Lieutenant Hobson 

 became the hero of the hour. 



He was born at Greensboro, Ala.; in 1889 

 was graduated from the Naval Academy at 

 Annapolis, and after taking post-graduate work 

 in Paris, entered the United States naval serv- 

 ice. In 1897-1898 he organized and conducted 

 at Annapolis a post-graduate course for officers 

 planning to enter the construction corps. After 

 the Spanish-American War he raised and re- 

 fitted a number of Spanish warships which had 

 been sunk off the coasts of Cuba and the 

 Philippines. In 1903 he resigned from the navy 

 to enter political life, and in 1906 was elected 

 to Congress as a representative from Alabama, 

 serving until 1915. In 1914 he opposed Oscar 

 Underwood in his race for nomination as 

 United States Senator, but was defeated in 

 the primaries after a campaign that attracted 

 nation-wide interest. Hobson is well known as 

 a public speaker and writer, and his services 

 were secured in 1915 for the campaign for 

 national prohibition. He removed to Evans- 

 ton, 111., in 1916. 



HOCKEY, hock'i, or SHINNEY, shin'i, a 

 game played on a level field, each player hav- 

 ing a curved stick with which he tries to drive 

 a ball through a goal protected by the opposing 

 side. The game is of ancient origin and was 



HOCKEY GOAL AND STICK 



played by the Romans. It is only within 

 recent years that a thorough system of rules 

 has been drawn up, for in its modem form 

 hockey dates from about 1875. 



There should be eleven players on each 

 team. The ground should be 100 yards long 

 and from fifty to sixty yards wide. The goals 

 are marked at each end of the field with up- 

 rights seven feet high and twelve feet apart. 

 An ordinary baseball or cricket ball is used, but 

 it should always be painted white. The stick, 

 called a hockey or hookey, must not be more 

 than two inches in thickness and must not 

 weigh more than eighteen ounces. A match 



is played in two periods of thirty or thirty-five 

 minutes each. 



To start the game the ball is placed on the 

 ground in the center of the field, between two 

 players, the other members of the opposing 

 teams being drawn up behind them. Each 

 player strikes the ground and his opponent's 

 stick alternately three times before the ball 

 may be struck. A goal is scored when the ball 

 is driven through the opponents' goal, the side 

 scoring the greatest number of goals being the 

 winner. Hockey is often played by boys with- 

 out reference to definite rules. 



Ice Hockey. This is a more popular game 

 than field hockey in all countries where there 

 is much ice. The players are on skates on a 

 field of ice. In 1881 rules were drawn up by 

 clubs in Montreal, and the game soon became 

 one of the most popular of winter sports in 

 Canada and the northern part of the United 

 States. The ice rink must be at least 112 feet 

 long by fifty-eight feet wide. The sticks are 

 a little larger than those used in field hockey, 

 but must not be more than three inches wide 

 in .any part. The game calls for great skill, 

 and only the most expert skaters can excel. 

 The rules of the game vary only slightly from 

 those governing field hockey. There are estab- 

 lished amateur hockey leagues in the United 

 States and Canada. This game is played very 

 little in England, as many winters pass with- 

 out ice available for skating. For full outline 

 of rules, see Spalding's Hockey. w.c. 



HOE, a tool used by farmers for stirring the 

 soil, covering seeds and killing weeds. The 

 common draw hoe consists of a blade attached 

 to a handle from four and a half to five feet 

 long. The blade is almost at right angles to the 

 handle, and the tool is worked by drawing it 

 towards the workman. The Dutch hoe has the 

 blade" so attached to the handle that both are in 

 the same plane. The draw hoe is in general use 

 on small farms and in gardening. On large 

 farms it has been replaced by the horse hoe. 



HOE, RICHARD MARCH (1812-1886), an Ameri- 

 can inventor whose ingenuity made possible 

 the metropolitan daily newspapers of many 

 pages. He was born in New York City, and 

 lived there all his life. In 1846 he invented a 

 rotary printing press, commonly known as 

 Hoe's Lightning Press. Later he patented the 

 web perfecting press, which printed both sides 

 of the sheet in one operation, at the rate of 

 12,000 copies an hour, and included a cutting 

 and folding device. This invention marked 

 an epoch in newspaper printing. It has been 



