HOLY LAND 



2814 



HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 



HOLY LAND, a name applied to PALESTINE 

 (which see). 



HOLY LEAGUE, a name applied to several 

 alliances between European princes for defense 

 or for aggressive warfare. The most important 

 was that of 1576 between the Catholic party 

 of France, the Pope and the King of Spain 

 for the purpose of suppressing the Huguenots 

 (which see). This league led to wars which 

 were not ended until Henry of Navarre de- 

 feated the Catholic forces at Ivry in 1590. The 

 term holy was given to almost any alliance 

 which met with the approval of the Church. 



HOLYOKE, hohl'yohk, MASS., a city of 

 Hampden County, noted for the size and num- 

 ber of its paper mills, and known locally as 

 The Paper City. The population, which in- 

 creased from 57,730 in 1910 to 65,286 in 1916, 

 by a Federal estimate, is made up of at least 

 twenty nationalities. The city is situated 

 northwest of the geographical center of the 

 state, and on the west bank of the Connecti- 

 cut River, eight miles north of Springfield. 

 Boston is 107 miles east and New York is 143 

 miles southwest. Besides the service of the 

 Boston & Maine and the Westfield branch of 

 the New York, New Haven & Hartford, the 

 city has transportation facilities by electric 

 lines in all directions. The area is a little less 

 than twenty-one square miles. 



Holyoke is located on the side of a hill in 

 the most beautiful part of the Connecticut 

 Valley and is surrounded by the river on all 

 sides but the west. Some of New England's 

 finest mountain resorts are in the vicinity. 

 Within the course of a mile, the river here has 

 a fall of sixty feet, and the immense possi- 

 bilities offered by its water power have turned 

 the interests of the city to manufacturing. A 

 granite dam 1,000 feet long and thirty-two feet 

 high affords a capacity of 45,000 horse power. 

 The city is an important center for hydraulic 

 engineering and for testing water wheels. 

 About 17,000 people are employed in the 

 various industries, the annual output amount- 

 ing to about $75,000,000. Some idea of the 

 extent of the paper industry may be gained 

 from the statement that every twenty-four 

 hours there are produced 2,000,000 envelopes 

 and 500 tons of fine writing paper, this quan- 

 tity being sufficient to carpet a space covering 

 two square miles. Within the same period are 

 manufactured 100,000 miles of thread, which 

 would wind four times around the globe, 150 

 miles of cloth, 75,000 cigars, and a great amount 

 of machinery, boilers, pumps, store fixtures, 



mill trucks, blankets, tablets and pads. The 

 largest blank-book manufacturing establish- 

 ment in the United States is here. 



The city has twenty-one churches, three hos- 

 pitals and a library built by popular subscrip- 

 tion; the Nonotuck Hotel, the College of 

 Music and Saint Vincent's and Holy Family 

 orphanages are among the notable buildings. 

 There are numerous public, parochial, business, 

 classical and night schools, and the law pro- 

 hibiting minors who are unable to read and 

 write the English language from obtaining em- 

 ployment in any factory or commercial enter- 

 prise is rigidly enforced. The high school has 

 a high-grade lecture course. At a short dis- 

 tance from Holyoke are three noted colleges, 

 Amherst, Smith and Mount Holyoke. In the 

 vicinity are Mount Tom (1,215 feet) and 

 Mount Holyoke (955 feet), scenic points of 

 interest; these are ascended by electric rail- 

 ways. 



The first settlement of Holyoke was made 

 by Irish families and for a time it was known 

 as Ireland Parish. In 1786 it became a part 

 of West Springfield, in 1850 was incorporated 

 as a separate town, and was chartered as a 

 city in 1873. C.E.C. 



HOLYOKE, MOUNT, the western peak of a 

 small mountain ridge, located six miles north 

 of the city of Holyoke, Mass., on the east side 

 of the Connecticut River valley. On its sum- 

 mit, which is 955 feet above sea level, is a 

 hotel built in 1821, where travelers may rest 

 after making the ascent. A carriage road winds 

 up the well-timbered mountain side, and an 

 electric railway also carries passengers up the 

 last 600 feet. From the top the view of the 

 river valley at the foot of the mountain fills 

 all who see it with admiration. A few miles 

 south, in the little town of South Hadley, is 

 located Mount Holyoke College, founded by 

 Mary Lyon in 1837, for the education of 

 women. 



HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. Nothing can give 

 a truer idea of this curious medieval political 

 creation than Voltaire's statement that it was 

 "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire;" 

 yet it played a very real part in the history 

 of Europe for centuries. It claimed to be a 

 continuation of the Western Roman Empire, 

 and was founded by Charlemagne, though the 

 title Roman Empire was not used until 962, 

 when Otho the Great was crowned by the Pope, 

 and Frederick Barbarossa first made use of the 

 term Holy. Theoretically, the emperor at the 

 head of this most Christian state was ruler of 





