HORNET 



2838 



HORSE 



white goods, foundry and machine-shop prod- 

 ucts and brick and tile. 



The first settlement was made in 1790. The 

 place was called Upper Canisteo until 1820, 

 when it was named Hornellsville, in honor of 

 Judge George Hornell. It was incorporated as 

 a village in 1852 and chartered as a city in 

 1888. The name was changed to Hornell in 

 1906 by act of the state legislature. 



HORNET, hawr'net, an insect larger and 

 stronger than the ordinary wasp, but resem- 

 bling it in most respects. It is represented in 

 the United States and Canada, especially in 

 the New England states and Ontario, by a 



PERTAINING TO THE HORNET 

 (a) The mature insect; (b) larva; (c) pupa; 

 (d) nest, much reduced in size. 



large species known as the white-faced hornet. 

 This insect is about an inch in length and is 

 brown or brownish-red, with some yellow on 

 the wings, head and abdomen. The hornets 

 lick the sap of trees, are fond of the nectar of 

 flowers, and they are particularly partial to 

 ripe, sweet fruits and honey. They also prey 

 upon other insects. 



Hornets live in colonies of males, females 

 and workers, and there are usually over two 

 hundred individuals in a colony. All of one 

 colony are the offspring of a single female, 

 which, having survived the winter in some 

 sheltered hiding place, has laid the foundation 

 of her nest in the spring. Their nests, com- 

 posed of coarse, papery material from bark 

 of trees, are built in hollow trees, in the 

 crevices of walls and upon the limbs of trees. 

 Hornets are easily irritated, and all species 



are able with their stings to inflict painful 

 wounds, which are generally accompanied by 

 considerable swelling. See WASP. 



Consult Howard's Insect Book; Kellogg's 

 American Insects. 



HOROSCOPE, hor'oskope, a word derived 

 from the Greek horoskopos, meaning one who 

 observes the hour. In astrology it was used 

 to signify the disposition of the stars in the 

 heavens at a certain time. Astrologers "cast 

 a horoscope" by ascertaining what stars were 

 in the ascendant, or rising in the east, at the 

 time of the birth of any particular person. 

 From the position of the stars they calculated 

 their influence and told the fortunes of in- 

 quirers. Such fortune-telling has been proven 

 to be altogether unreliable. 



HORSE, a mammal which has been domesti- 

 cated for thousands of years and, next to 

 cattle, the most important domestic animal 

 in western civilization. It is distinguished for 

 intelligence, fleetness and endurance. In the 

 early history of the domestic horse, it was 

 largely used for purposes of war, and references 

 to it are made in legend and story of the 

 past. Later it was pressed into other work, 

 until finally it has become a beast of burden 

 as well as the pet and companion of the civi- 

 lized and uncivilized peoples of the world. 



Much has been said and written concerning 

 the continued usefulness of the horse and the 

 effect of the great increase in automobiles on 

 the numbers of horses and on the business of 

 horse breeding. A study of the numbers of 

 horses in the United States and Canada for 

 the years 1910 to 1917 showed that the num- 

 ber of horses had increased somewhat and that 

 the average price was as high as ever. There 

 were in 1916 in round numbers 24,000,000 

 horses in the United States and 3,000,000 in 

 Canada. Their average value was, $103. There 

 has been a decrease in the breeding of coach 

 and carriage horses and that business has suf- 

 fered, but the increase in the use of automo- 

 biles for transportation has just about taken 

 care of the increase in business, and the de- 

 mand for draft horses in cities is nearly as 

 great as ever. 



It is of interest to note the highest price 

 ever paid for a horse. A thoroughbred, White 

 Knight, brought in France $200,000. About 

 fifty thoroughbred and standard-bred horses 

 have been sold from time to time for $50,000 

 and above. Among draft horses, the highest 

 price on record is $47,000 for the Clydesdale, 

 Barren of Buchyvia. 



