HOWELL 



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HOWELLS 



He began his career on the sea when a lad of 

 fourteen, and six years later, while command- 

 ing the Baltimore, was wounded in a desperate 

 fight with two French privateers off the west 

 coast of Scotland. During the wars which fol- 

 lowed, that of the Austrian Succession and the 

 Seven Years' War, he rose steadily in fame 

 and position, and when the American Revolu- 

 tion broke out he was created vice-admiral. 

 In 1776 he was given chief command of the 

 British fleet in American waters, where he 

 cooperated with his brother, General William 

 Howe (see below). After the close of the 

 Revolutionary War Howe was made First 

 Lord of the Admiralty, and in 1793, when Eng- 

 land and France opened hostilities, he took 

 command of the Channel fleet. The following 

 year he won the great victory known as that 

 of "the glorious first of June," and was made 

 a Knight of the Garter by George III. Three 

 years before his death Howe was created ad- 

 miral. 



Sir William Howe (1729-1814), younger 

 brother of Admiral Howe, saw his first military 

 service in Flanders, at the age of seventeen. 

 During the French and Indian War, having 

 risen to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he 

 fought at the siege and capture of Louisburg 

 and was one of General Wolfe's officers in the 

 attack on Quebec (see QUEBEC, BATTLE OF). 

 Three years before the outbreak of the Ameri- 

 can Revolution he was promoted to the rank 

 of major-general, and in March, 1775, was sent 

 with reinforcements to the relief of General 

 Gage at Boston. Howe led the British at the 

 Battle of Bunker Hill, and in October, 1775, 

 succeeded Gage as chief in command of the 

 British army in the colonies. Though he was 

 successful in his campaigns of 1776 and 1777, 

 winning the battles of Long Island, White 

 Plains and the Brandywine, and occupying 

 Philadelphia, he did not accomplish the defeat 

 of the American cause, as he had hoped to do, 

 and in 1778 was succeeded by Sir Henry Clin- 

 ton. Howe was rewarded with the rank of 

 full general in 1783. 



HO WELL, CLARK (1863- ), editor of the 

 Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution and one of the 

 leading public men of America. He was born 

 in Erwinton, S. C., but his childhood was spent 

 in Atlanta, where he attended the public 

 schools and where he has since lived. When 

 he was twenty years old he was graduated 

 from the University of Georgia, and imme- 

 diately went into newspaper work under direc- 

 tion of his father, on the Constitution. He 



was at first night city editor; when Henry W. 

 Grady died he succeeded him as managing 

 editor; and when his father, who was editor-in- 

 chief, retired in 1897, the son took his place. 



Clark Howell has been a member both of the 

 state house of representatives and of the senate, 

 and was for years a member of the national 

 Democratic executive committee from Georgia. 

 He is also a trustee of the University of Geor- 

 gia. He has figured conspicuously in many 

 political campaigns, one of the most memor- 

 able of which was the campaign in 1906, in 

 which he contended against Hoke Smith for 

 the Democratic nomination for governor, and 

 was defeated. People in Georgia believe that 

 that campaign will be remembered for at least 

 fifty years. Howell is well known throughout 

 the South as an eloquent and forceful public 

 speaker, and is in demand as an orator. 



HOWELLS, WILLIAM DEAN (1837- ), a 

 novelist, poet, editor and literary critic, the 

 high and enduring character of whose writings 

 give him undisputed claim to the title "dean 

 of American letters." The founder of the late 

 nineteenth cen- 

 tury school of 

 realistic fic- 

 tion, he has made 

 the most perma- 

 nent contribution 

 to the develop- 

 ment of the 

 American novel 

 of any writer of 

 his time. He is a 

 prolific, although 

 a very deliberate, 

 author; almost WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS 

 every year since 1871 he has published a book. 



Howells was born in Martin's Ferry, Ohio. 

 His father owned and published newspapers in 

 Hamilton and Dayton, Ohio, and the son 

 learned the printer's trade, and, by degrees, 

 the whole business of managing a daily paper. 

 In one of his books, Impressions and Experi- 

 ences, he recounts his experiences of this ap- 

 prenticeship in a very charming essay. He 

 presents his impressions of his sojourn in Ven- 

 ice, during his consulship in 1861-65, in a book 

 entitled Venetian Lije, which reveals his apti- 

 tude for literary work. His subsequent resi- 

 dence in New York City as writer for the 

 Tribune and the Nation prepared him still 

 further for his fiction writing. In 1871 he be- 

 came assistant editor of the Atlantic Monthly, 

 and in 1886 joined the staff of Harper's Maga- 



