IDAHO 



2909 



IDAHO 



Church was divided into factions. The Icono- 

 clasts, as those objecting to the presence of 

 images in churches were called, persecuted the 

 image worshipers, who retaliated whenever 

 possible. 



A council held in Constantinople in 764 

 condemned image worship. The second 

 council of Nicaea defined a doctrine, as- 

 serting that the images were not worshiped 

 but were venerated for what they repre- 

 sented. The controversy lasted for a cen- 

 tury. In 842 a council at Constantinople 



declared in favor of image worship. Martin 

 Luther regarded the question of images in 

 churches as one of little importance, though 

 bitterly opposing all forms and ceremonies that 

 showed any tendency towards their worship or 

 to idolatry. In the Greek Orthodox and 

 Roman Catholic Churches images are still 

 retained and venerated as symbols. In 

 Russia sacred pictures called eikons are 

 placed in all churches and are taken with 

 the armies into battle, but they are not 

 actually worshiped. 



AHO, i'daho, a northwestern state of 

 the American Union and the northernmost of 

 the Rocky Mountain states. Its name is de- 

 rived from a Shoshone Indian word which 

 means the Gem of the Mountains, and refers 

 undoubtedly to the brightness of the shining 

 sun on the mountain tops of this rugged state. 

 Idaho is as yet a thinly-settled region, but it 

 is among the only three states of the Union 

 which showed an increase of population of 

 over 100 per cent in the decade from 1900 to 

 1910. Only two states showed larger increases 

 in the same period, namely Washington and 

 Oklahoma. As its flower Idaho has chosen the 

 syringa, popularly known as the mock-orange. 



Size and Location. In size Idaho ranks 

 twelfth among the states of the Union. It 

 has an area of 83,888 square miles; this makes 

 it about twice the size of Ohio, and about 

 one-quarter the size of British Columbia, its 

 neighbor across the international boundary. 

 Idaho is irregular in shape, and appears on the 

 map in the form of a huge easy-chair fronting 

 the east and with the top to the north. It 

 is only about fifty miles wide at its northern 

 boundary, but it extends 320 miles on the 

 southern boundary, while its length across the 

 western front is 485 miles. 



Its People. In population Idaho, with its 

 325,594 inhabitants in 1910, ranks forty-fifth 

 among the states of the American Union (in 

 1915 the estimated number of people was 411,- 

 996). The average number of persons to the 



square mile was 3.9 in 1910, as compared with 

 a density of 30.9 per square mile for the whole 

 of the United States. The state has regularly 

 doubled its population during the last four 

 census periods. Of the total population of 

 Idaho, 40,427, or 12.4 per cent, were foreign- 

 born whites; 3,488, or 1.1 per cent, were In- 

 dians; 2,234, or 0.7 per cent, were Asiatics, and 

 651, or 0.2 per cent, were negroes. Of the 

 native white population 75,195, or 23.1 per cent, 

 were of foreign or mixed parentage. 



Nearly three-quarters of the total popula- 

 tion of Idaho live in rural communities, and 

 only twenty-seven per cent in cities with 2,500 

 inhabitants or over. The increase in the popu- 

 lation of the towns, which has been such an 

 important feature in the movement of the 

 population in the whole of the United States, 

 has been especially strong in Idaho. Here dur- 

 ing the first ten years of the twentieth century, 

 the urban population showed an increase of 

 216.2 per cent. In 1900 there were only two 

 places with over 2,500 inhabitants; in 1910 

 their number had increased to twelve. The 

 principal cities are, Boise, the capital, the 

 largest city in the state; Coeur d'Alene, Lew- 

 iston, Pocatello, Twin Falls, Moscow and Wal- 

 lace; the most important are described under 

 their titles in these volumes. 



Religion. The strongest Church here, just 

 as in the neighboring state of Utah, is that 

 of the Mormons, who comprise about forty 

 per cent of the population. Next in numbers 



