INDEPENDENCE 



2940 



INDEPENDENCE DAY 



Consult Seligman's The Income Tax; Foote and 

 Tracewell's Analysis and Interpretation of the 

 Federal Income Tax Law; Hill's The British In- 

 come Tax.. 



INCUBATOR, in'kubator. When large 

 flocks of chickens, geese or ducks are desired, 

 the most simple and economical way is to 

 hatch the eggs artificially; that is, to place 

 them in a machine called an incubator, espe- 

 cially built and prepared for the purpose. This 

 machine looks' much like a square wooden 

 table, with two drawers and a small lamp or 

 heater attached to one side. Within are two 

 trays: the upper one, which is several inches 

 shorter than the lower, is used for the eggs, 

 while the lower one is for the little chicks to 

 stay in, while drying, the first day after they 

 are hatched. As soon as the chick hatches 

 it goes towards the light, which comes in from 

 a glass door at the front of the incubator, 

 and when it reaches the edge of the egg tray 

 it falls to the lower compartment. The eggs 

 of hens require three weeks to hatch, while 

 those of geese and ducks require four weeks. 



Great care in regulating the heat and ventila- 

 tion, both inside and outside of the incubator, 

 is essential to success in hatching a large brood. 

 A uniform temperature of 102 around the 

 trays should be maintained for the first two 

 days after the eggs are laid on the tray, and 

 this should be raised to 103 for the rest of 

 the time. The eggs must be turned each day 

 until two days before the time to hatch. The 

 incubator should be placed in a room free from 

 drafts and dampness, and be kept as free as 

 possible from jars. 



Recently incubators for babies have been 

 used to some extent to save the lives of weak 

 or poorly-developed little ones, who would die 

 because of their premature birth if exposed to 

 the air in an ordinary room. 



INDEPENDENCE, in de pen' dens, KAN., a 

 distributing point for a rich agricultural section 

 and the county seat of Montgomery County, 

 situated on the Verdigris River, in the south- 

 eastern part of the state, sixteen miles from 

 its southern border line. Pittsburg is sixty 

 miles northeast. The Atchison, Topeka & 

 Santa Fe, constructed to the city in 1872; the 

 Missouri Pacific, built here in 1886; and the 

 Union Traction Interurban Line, built in 1907, 

 serve the city. The population increased from 

 10,480 in 1910 to 14,506 in 1916; the latter 

 figure is a Federal estimate. Independence was 

 settled in 1869, was incorporated in 1871 and 

 adopted the commission form of government 



with three elective officers in 1909. The area 

 of the city exceeds two square miles. 



INDEPENDENCE, Mo., the county seat of 

 Jackson County, and a suburb about ten miles 

 east of Kansas City, with which it is connected 

 by an electric line and a boulevard. It is three 

 miles south of the Missouri River and is on 

 the Chicago & Alton, the Missouri Pacific and 

 the Kansas City Southern railroads. Its area 

 exceeds three square miles. The population, 

 which in 1910 was 9,859, was 11,672 in 1916, by 

 a Federal estimate. 



Prominent features of the city are the court- 

 house, located in a small public square; a 

 Federal building; a public library, several sani- 

 tariums and Saint Mary's Academy. Inde- 

 pendence is surrounded by a fertile agricultural 

 and fruit-growing country. The city is an im- 

 portant stock-breeding center, and has large 

 flour mills, a canning factory, a planing mill, 

 a foundry, an oil refinery, scale works and 

 plants manufacturing Portland cement, silos, 

 gas engines, bricks and overalls. C.C.B. 



INDEPENDENCE DAY, the national holi- 

 day of the American people, " commemorating 

 the birth of their nation. It is the anniversary 

 of the adoption of the Declaration of Inde- 

 pendence, which occurred on July 4, 1776. 

 Strange as it may seem, the Fourth of July is 

 not a national legal holiday, for no legislation 

 declaring it to be such has ever been en- 

 acted by Congress. However, it is celebrated 

 throughout the Union, and in all the states 

 but Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi and South 

 Carolina it has been designated a le^al holiday 

 by statute. In these four states it is observed 

 as a holiday by general consent. 



For many years the people were accustoi 

 to celebrate this day of national rejoicing bj 

 spectacular displays of fireworks, and by firii 

 of cannon, pistols, firecrackers and other instn 

 ments of noise. In many homes the day h; 

 been an occasion of sorrow, for this UK 

 of commemoration has caused loss of life 

 and serious injuries. A great national cms 

 has worked a reform in this matter, and nc 

 a "sane" Fourth prevails quite general! 

 throughout the country. ( Interesting prograi 

 providing for special speakers, for pageant 

 games and plays, athletic contests and 

 like, are enjoyed in most communities. On 

 dependence Day the Stars and Stripes may 

 seen floating on public buildings and norm 

 throughout the land. 



John Quincy Adams wrote these eloquer 

 words concerning the national holiday: 



