INDULGENCE 



2974 



INDUSTRIAL ART 



complished in a given time by beginning with 

 definitions and rules than by observation and 

 experiment; hence all right methods of teach- 

 ing begin with the inductive method with 

 young children and gradually lead to the de- 

 ductive method (which see). 



INDULGENCE, indul'jens, in the Roman 

 Catholic Church, a remission of temporal pun- 

 ishment due to actual sins, the guilt of which 

 is already forgiven. In the earlier ages the 

 punishment for sin was more severe than at 

 the present time, when definite forms of prayer 

 are the most common means of obtaining 

 indulgences. As in the early Church, so now, 

 people still pray, fast, give alms and occasion- 

 ally make pilgrimages to obtain the benefits of 

 indulgences. Indulgences are of two kinds: 

 plenary, which is a full remission, and partial, 

 which, as the name implies, only partly remits 

 the temporal punishment due to sin. Abuses 

 in the manner of granting indulgences consti- 

 tuted one of the causes of the Protestant 

 Reformation. See REFORMATION. G.W.M. 



IN'DUS, one of the three greatest rivers of 

 Northern India, rises in an unexplored region 



in Tibet, north of the Himalaya Mountains, 

 at an elevation of 18,000 feet. Its drainage 

 basin is estimated at 372,700 square miles, over 

 twice the area of Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin and 

 Illinois, and its total length at a little over 

 1,800 miles. The Indus has five tributaries 

 the Shayok, the Kabul, the Punjab, the Sutlej 

 and the Chenab each navigable for inland 

 craft to the mountains. The delta, which ex- 

 tends along the Arabian Sea for 125 miles, is 

 not very fertile, and is almost entirely devoid 

 of trees. The cultivation of the arid plains 

 through which the lower Indus passes is de- 

 pendent upon the annual overflow of the river 

 from the mountains and artificial irrigation 

 fed by that overflow. Thus the river is of 

 greater importance for irrigation than for trans- 

 portation. Its value as a navigable route for 

 traffic has been greatly lessened since the con- 

 struction, in 1878, of the Indus Valley Railway 

 along its course, and its navigation is now con- 

 fined chiefly to native craft. The Indus 

 abounds with fish of excellent quality, and is 

 infested by crocodiles. It is the "King River" 

 of Vedic poetry. 



THE STORY OF INDUSTRIAL ART 



NDUSTRIAL ART. In this world of ours 

 everything changes. Our clothes get out of 

 fashion before they are worn out. A new 

 building replaces an old one, and the aspect 

 of the whole neighborhood is changed. If we 

 go away from home for a visit we are sure to 

 notice changes when we return the kitten 

 has grown to be a cat, the corn is in tassel, 

 the baby has learned to walk, and father has 

 had another birthday. When school opens in 

 the fall, there is probably a new teacher, or 

 there are new pupils, or new studies. There is 

 sure to be something new, for time never 

 stands still, and as time flies, it works changes. 

 Ideas, as well as people and things, are con- 

 stantly changing, too. Ideas are thoughts, and 

 everybody knows how quickly thoughts can 

 become completely transformed. We "change 

 our minds" about many things, as we grow 

 older. We used to burn witches, because we 



thought that human beings were sometimes 

 "possessed" by evil spirits, which could only 

 be driven out by fire; but now we know that 

 the way to make people good is not to bui 

 them up, and that there are no such thii 

 as witches. Each day, too, people are growii 

 wiser about matters of health, and are leai 

 ing to take better care of their bodies, 

 these improvements in our ways of living have 

 come about because of changed ideas. 



We find that our studies in school are als 

 changing. School is a much more interestii 

 place than it used to be. Nearly every b< 

 and girl now has a chance to learn somethii 

 besides reading, writing and arithmetic, 

 even these studies seem to be changing, fc 

 now we learn them by new methods that ar 

 in themselves attractive. The little folks 

 learn to read in beautiful books with cole 

 pictures, and they learn to add, subtract, mill 



