INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION 



29S7 



INFANTILE PARALYSIS 



cardinal red and vermilion. There are numer- 

 ous makes of good enamel paints in the mar- 

 ket. B.S. 



INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. See TECHNI- 

 CAL AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. 



INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. Institutions in 

 which the industrial arts are taught are loosely 

 grouped together under this name, but the 

 term is gradually being replaced by others 

 more exact in meaning. Public institutions in 

 which young and neglected children, or boys 

 ;md girls who need corrective influences, are 

 taught useful occupations for the purpose of 

 developing mind and character, belong to this 

 group; they are known specifically as reforma- 

 tories, or reform schools (which see). Voca- 

 tional training of a more advanced character 

 is given in the public schools of the larger 

 towns and cities, and the various trades are 

 taught in institutions known as trade schools. 

 See VOCATIONAL TRAINING; MANUAL TRAINING. 



A- unique system of industrial education has 

 been developed in connection with the schools 

 of Gary, Ind., whereby the children of the 

 steel workers are taught to be workers them- 

 selves. For description of this plan, see GARY 

 SCHOOL SYSTEM. 



INDUSTRIES, in'dustriz. The earth is the 

 source of all wealth, but much of the material 

 which constitutes wealth needs to be changed 

 before it is useful to man. The discovery of 

 the best methods of applying the forces of 

 nature to the transformation of raw material 

 into useful products has been one of the great- 

 est problems confronting the race in all ages. 

 Just to the extent that man has succeeded in 

 the solution of this problem has civilization 

 advanced. Attempts at this solution have led 

 to the invention of the steam engine, the 

 spinning frame and power loom, the cotton 

 gin, the steamboat, the locomotive, the reap- 

 ing machine and many other appliances, and 

 to the discovery of the many chemical proc- 

 esses now in common use in the industrial 

 arts. 



The evolution of industries marks the prog- 

 ress of civilization. At first each man made 

 for himself the articles he needed. Then came 

 the exchange of articles 'on a simple scale. 

 One man made shoes and another raised wheat, 

 and it was found to be to the advantage of 

 both to exchange products, so the farmer gave 

 the shoemaker wheat for shoes. From this 

 simple method of exchange the great industries 

 of the world have been developed to their 

 present proportions. A good example of this 



development is seen in the boot-and-shoe in- 

 dustry, which is one of the most highly organ- 

 ized industries in the world. See BOOTS AND 

 SHOES. 



Related Subjects. The WORLD BOOK has given 

 the subject of industries ample treatment; the 

 reader will find the following articles interesting 

 and instructive. Many of the topics here referred 

 to also have lists of related subjects, and the 

 course of reading indicated is thus wide : 

 Agriculture Forests and Forestry 



Blasting Foundry 



Bleaching Hat 



Boots and Shoes Linen 



Brewing Lumber 



Brick and Brick-Laying Meat and Meat Packing 

 Calico and Calico Mining 



Printing Plumbing 



Carpentry Printing 



Commerce .Quarry and Quarrying 



Cotton Rolling Mill 



Creamery Rubber and Rubber 



Dairying Manufacture 



Dredging Silk 



Dyeing and Dyestuffs Spinning 

 Factory and Factory Tanning 



System Weaving 



Fish Wool 



INERTIA, inur'shia. A favorite trick 

 among boys is to place a coin on a card, bal- 

 ance the device on the end of the forefinger 

 and snap the card out, leaving the coin on the 

 finger. Tie a small cord to a hammer or a 

 sad iron and jerk the hand up quickly. The 

 cord will brdak, but if you pull steadily the 

 weight will be lifted. Try to turn a sharp cor- 

 ner and remain exactly upright when you are 

 running rapidly. What happens? All these 

 experiments illustrate inertia, which is a prop- 

 erty of matter which prevents a body from 

 setting itself in motion, or when in motion, 

 from stopping itself. Stated scientifically, the 

 law of inertia is as follows: 



A body at rest remains at rest, and a body in 

 motion moves in a uniformly straight course un- 

 less acted upon by some exterior force. 



Because of inertia some outside force must 

 be supplied to produce or to arrest motion; 

 the heavier the body the greater the force 

 required. It requires just as much force to 

 stop a body 'in motion as is required to pro- 

 duce the motion. For example, it requires as 

 much force to stop a railway train running 

 forty miles an hour as was used in giving the 

 train its speed. Serious accidents occur to 

 automobiles and on railways because the mov- 

 ing bodies cannot be instantly stopped and so 

 prevent collisions. 



INFANTILE PARALYSIS, in' fan tile pa 

 ral'isis, a disease to which children are espe- 



