INTAGLIO 



3007 



INTELLIGENCE 



Insurance $250,000 

 Rate = 5% per year 

 Premium for 6 years = 6X-05 of $250,000 = 



$75,000 



3. A farmer paid $28 for insuring a shipment 

 of hay at 1%% ; what was the face of the policy? 

 Solution : 



$28 = . 01% of face 

 $28 = .01%Xface 



400 

 Face = $28.00 ^.01 % = $gQ#X i = $1600 



The student should come to see how the 

 scope of insurance has broadened until we find 

 it possible to be guarded against loss of almost 

 any kind by the many and varied kinds of 

 insurance burglary, automobile, fire, storm, 

 flood, drought, building contractor or accident. 



Life Insurance. Ordinary life insurance poli- 

 cies are taken out at so much per $1000, pre- 

 mium to be paid annually. For example, a 

 man takes out a $5000 policy at $25.50 per 

 $1000. His annual premium is 5X$25.50, or 

 $127.50, during his lifetime. 



There are other insurances, as limited, en- 

 dowment and term insurance. 



Problems. 1. If a young man takes out a $5000 

 twenty-payment policy at $27.40 per $1000, how 

 much will he have paid when the policy matures? 



Solution : 



1 premium =5 X $27.40 = $137.00 

 20 premiums = 20X$137 = $2740 

 When the policy matures he will have paid in, in 

 premiums, $2740. 



2. A man pays $73.80 annually on a $3000 pol- 

 icy. What is the rate of premium per $1000? 



Rate per $1000= 



A singer may insure himself against loss of 

 income by injury to his voice; the musician 

 against loss due to injured wrist or finger; the 

 dancer may fortify herself against similar loss 

 through injured foot or toe, and so on. But 

 these situations present nothing new in mathe- 

 matics. A.H. 



INTAGLIO , in tal ' yo, a form of engraving 

 by means of figures or lines hollowed below 

 the surface. The term is also descriptive of 

 the objects thus engraved, such as signet rings, 

 dies and copperplates. This process is opposed 

 to that employed in making a cameo, the 

 design of which rises above the background, 

 called relief. In an industrial sense, the term 

 is applied to a hollowed design intended as a 

 mold for the reproduction of the figures or 

 lines. See GEMS. 



INTELLIGENCE, intel'ijens, THE MEAS- 

 UREMENT OF. Perhaps the most important 

 psychological advance of the last quarter cen- 

 tury has come from the development of exact 

 methods of measuring intelligence. 



Although many systems of mental measure- 

 ment have been devised, all are based upon 

 essentially the same principle; namely, the 

 use of standardized tests. More than a half 

 century ago Francis Galton suggested the pos- 

 sibility of "obtaining a general knowledge of 

 the capacities of a man by sinking shafts, as 

 it were, at a few critical points." The idea 

 Galton had in mind was essentially the test 

 method, and it was apparently suggested to 

 him by methods employed in the testing of 

 mineral ores. 



With the development of experimental psy- 

 chology during the last quarter of the nine- 

 teenth century, numerous attempts were made 

 to measure mental capacities by the test 

 method. Although the results of these earlier 

 investigations were not altogether unsuccess- 

 ful, the methods employed fell short of the 

 desired accuracy and were clumsy to apply. It 

 was not until 1908 that the first usable sys- 

 tem for measuring intelligence was given to the 

 world. This was the now famous Binet-Simon 

 Intelligence Scale, devised by the French psy- 

 chologist, Alfred Binet, and his physician-col- 

 league, Th. Simon. The Binet-Simon system 

 has so many advantages, both in accuracy and 

 in ease of application, that it has practically 

 superseded all other methods, and is now in 

 constant use in hundreds of public schools, in- 

 stitutions for the feeble-minded, in juvenile 

 courts, reform schools and prisons. 



The Nature of the Binet-Simon Method. 

 The Binet-Simon scale is made up of an ex- 

 tended series of tests in the nature of "stunts," 

 or problems, success in which demands the 

 exercise of intelligence. By trying out many 

 different tests in this way, Binet and Simon 

 secured a scale of fifty-four tests ranging from 

 the three-year level to adult intelligence. 



The tests were arranged in order of difficulty 

 as found by trying them upon several hundred 

 normal children of different ages from three to 

 fifteen years. It was found, for illustration, 

 that a certain test was passed by only a very 

 small proportion of the younger children, but 

 that the per cent passing increased rapidly in 

 the succeeding years until finally practically 

 all the children were successful. If, for ex- 

 ample, the test was passed by about two- 

 thirds to three-fourths of the normal children 

 seven years of age, it was considered a test 

 of seven-year intelligence; one passed by 65 to 

 75 per cent of the normal nine-year-olds was 

 considered a test of nine-year intelligence, and 



