INVERNESS 



3029 



INVERTEBRATES 



Some Old Inventions. In more remote times 

 there were many new devices whose stories 

 have been recorded. Many of these old inven- 



tions suggested ideas to modern minds. Of 

 these articles the following are perhaps the 

 most important: 



B. c. 



Third century Archimedes* Compound pulley, and his screw for raising water, still used in Hol- 



land. 



130 Hero Steam engine. 



First century The Gauls employed a reaper. The Roman accounts of it suggested 



the modern machine. 



A. D. 



717 The Greeks used gunpowder at the siege of Constantinople. 



Tenth century Pope Sylvester II* Pendulum clock. 

 1450 Gutenberg* Printing press with movable type. 



1481 Branca Canal locks, built by two brothers of Viterbo, Italy. 



1629 Steam turbine. 



1709 Cristofori Pianoforte. 



1738 Labelye Caisson, for bridge building. 



Franklin* Stove. 



1764 Hargreave* Spinning jenny, spun ten threads at once. 



1767 Ark wight* Spinning frame. E.D.F. 



or protozoa, the sponges, sea anemones, corals 

 and jellyfishes, worms, insects and spiders, 

 shellfish and all other mollusks. This distinc- 

 tion has been considered very clear until, in 

 recent years, it has been discovered that some 

 forms of life do not classify perfectly under 

 either division. There are about 500,000 known 

 species of invertebrates, many of which are of 

 peculiar interest to man. 



Related Subjects. For a detailed understand- 

 ing of these lower forms of animal life the fol- 

 lowing articles should be considered. The first 

 group consists of general articles, each of which 

 contains a list showing its subdivisions ; the sec- 

 ond group refers merely to individual articles. 



INVERNESS, in'vurnes, a town in the 

 county of the same name, on Cape Breton 

 Island. It is noted as a coal-mining center, and 

 the collieries are the support of most of the 

 inhabitants. Inverness is on the west coast of 

 the island, about 150 miles directly west of 

 Sydney. It is the northern terminus of the 

 Inverness .Railway & Coal Company's line, 

 which connects with the Intercolonial Railway 

 at Port Hawkesbury. Gypsum, fire clay and 

 some copper are found in the vicinity. Popula- 

 tion in 1901, before the town became a mining 

 center, 306; in 1911, 2,719; and in 1916, esti- 

 mated, 3,500. 



INVERTEBRATES, inver'tebrates, or IN- 

 VERTEBRATA, inver tebra'ta, animals with- 

 out backbones, as opposed to vertebrates, or 

 animals having backbones. To the inverte- 

 brates, which constitute much the larger divi- 

 sion of the two, belong the one-celled animals, 



Arachnida 

 Crustaceans 



Amoeba 

 Bookworm 



GENERAL TOPICS 



Insect 

 Mollusks 



SPECIFIC NAMES 



Coral 

 Crinoidea 



