JACKSON 



3095 



JACKSON 



JACKSONS 



1829 r~~ 



ISTRATIONS 



1837 



Madison died 1836 



Flag of 

 Republic 

 of "Texas 

 (Organize 



Monroe died,l 831 



Michigan and Arkansas 

 admitted to the Union 



Seminole and 

 Black Hawk Wars 



Indian Campaigns, and Governor of Florida. 

 After receiving the thanks of Congress for his 

 services, Jackson was appointed commander- 

 in-chief of the Southern division of the United 

 States army. Occasional Indian raids had 

 given great trouble, and in 1818 Jackson led 

 an army against the Seminoles, whom he de- 

 feated and pursued into Spanish Florida. His 

 seizure of Pensacola and his arbitrary execution 

 of two British subjects, who were accused of 

 stirring up the Indians, caused great excite- 

 ment both in the United States and in Eng- 

 and. Efforts were made in Congress to secure 

 a vote of censure against him, and much angry 

 correspondence passed between the British 

 Foreign Office and John Quincy Adams, then 

 Secretary of State. Jackson's arbitrary con- 

 duct in these cases was later held against him 

 3y his political opponents, but for the time 

 )eing the controversy was closed by the ces- 

 sion of Florida to the United States, in 1819. 

 Jackson was appointed military governor of 

 :he new territory, but held the office for less 

 than a year long enough, however, to have 

 one sharp conflict with the civil authorities. 



Politics and the Presidency. Jackson's mili- 

 tary career was now at an end. It had made 

 lim one of the most conspicuous men in the 



United States, and a hero on the frontier. The 

 Tennessee legislature, as early as 1822, sug- 

 gested his nomination for President, and in 

 1824 formally proposed his name as the Demo- 

 cratic candidate. In the election, which is de- 

 scribed in detail in the article on John Quincy 

 Adams, Jackson received more electoral votes 

 than any other candidate, but did not have a 

 majority. Under the Constitution, therefore, 

 the choice was left to the House of Repre- 

 sentatives, which elected Adams. Jackson and 

 his followers were enraged at what they called 

 the "corrupt bargain" between Adams and 

 Henry Clay. Clay's influence in the House 

 certainly won the Presidency for Adams, and 

 the latter appointed Clay Secretary of State, 

 but it is now generally admitted that the 

 charge of a "bargain" to this effect was with- 

 out foundation. 



Jackson, however, seems to have been told 

 and to have believed that he was deliberately 

 cheated out of the Presidency, and the more 

 he thought about it the more bitter he became 

 toward Clay and Adams. This personal ani- 

 mosity soon led to a break in the Democratic 

 (or Democratic-Republican) party, the follow- 

 ers of Adams and Clay assuming the name 

 of National Republicans. Jackson was elected 



