JAMESON 



3110 



JAMESTOWN 



mouth of the Moose River, is one of the most 

 important trading stations. The Canadian 

 department of Naval Service, in carrying on 

 hydrographic work, has decided that the cli- 

 mate and country around James Bay are 

 favorable to great agricultural development, 

 particularly dairy farming, and the extension 

 of the Timiskaming & Northern Ontario Rail- 

 way from Cochrane to the shores of the bay 

 will open this region to settlement. For illus- 

 tration, see HUDSON BAY. 



JAMESON, ja'meson, LEANDER STARR (1853- 

 1917), an Englishman, educated as a physician, 

 who became world famous as leader of the 

 raid into the Transvaal which was called 

 "Jameson's Raid," the outcome of the Uit- 

 lander disturbance in Johannesburg. He was 

 born in Edinburgh, February 8, 1853, and after 

 studying medicine went to South Africa and 

 established a lucrative practice at Kimberley 

 in 1878. During the troubles between the Uit- 

 lander reform party and the Boer government. 

 Jameson, then Cape Premier, concentrated the 

 army of Rhodesia at Mafeking on the Trans- 

 vaal frontier, by order of Cecil Rhodes, and 

 advanced with 500 troopers to support the Re- 

 formers on December 29, 1895, just when they 

 had been intimidated by President Kruger. 

 His army was defeated and Jameson was im- 

 prisoned at Pretoria and handed over to the 

 British authorities for trial. He was con- 

 demned to fifteen months' imprisonment, but 

 became ill and was released. In 1900 he was 

 elected to the Cape Legislative Assembly for 

 Kimberley, and was Premier of Cape Colony 

 from 1904 to 1908. See SOUTH AFRICAN WAR. 



JAMES RIVER, the largest stream in Vir- 

 ginia, flowing wholly within that state, on 

 whose banks, in 1607, Jamestown, the first per- 

 manent English colony in America, was set- 

 tled. The Jackson and Cowpasture rivers 

 unite in the Alleghany Mountains to form the 

 James. Its general direction is southeast for 

 a distance of about 450 miles, and it empties 

 into the Chesapeake Bay through the channel 

 known as Hampton Roads, thence into the 

 Atlantic Ocean. The Chickahominy and 

 Appomattox are its chief tributaries. The 

 Appomattox enters sixty-six miles from the sea 

 and for that distance the James is an estuary 

 or tidal river and navigable by ocean steam- 

 ers. Small craft ply forty miles farther up 

 stream to Richmond, the capital of Virginia. 



JAMESTOWN, the oldest English settle- 

 ment in America to survive the hardships of 

 pioneer days. In 1607 the London Company 



(which see) sent an expedition to America 

 under the command of Captain Christopher 

 Newport. Settlement was made about thirty- 

 two miles inland, on the river afterward called 

 James, in order to be reasonably safe from 



JAMESTOWN IN 1622 



visits of Spanish buccaneers. To Captain 

 John Smith, one of the party, is largely due 

 credit for survival of the company. He kept 

 back the Indians and set tasks for those of the 

 indolent colonists who thought they could live 

 without work. The year 1609, when Smith 

 returned to England because of a wound, was 

 known as starvation year. The few who sur- 

 vived were ready to leave, but upon meeting 

 another expedition they returned. 



In 1619 the House of Burgesses, the first rep- 

 resentative legislative assembly in the Unit 



RUINS OF OLD JAMESTOWN 

 As seen from the river. 



States, met in Jamestown, which was the capi- 

 tal of Virginia from 1607 to 1698. Also in the 

 year 1619 slaves were brought into Jamestown. 

 marking the introduction of slavery into the 



