JAMESTOWN 



3111 



JANIZARIES 



thirteen colonies. The place, after many se- 

 vere fortunes, was abandoned about 1700. 

 Mary Johnston's novel, To Have and to Hold, 

 published in 1899, gives one of the most inter- 

 esting accounts of the life of the colonists. On 

 the site of the settlement, which is owned by 

 the Association for the Preservation of Vir- 

 'ginia Antiquities, may be seen ruins of a 

 church, the fort and a few dwellings. See 

 VIRGINIA, subhead, History; SMITH, JOHN. 



In 1907 there was held at Hampton Roads a 

 Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition to com- 

 memorate this early settlement. Architecturally 

 it was most attractive, the exhibits were inter- 

 esting, and the attendance averaged over 4,000 

 daily; but financially it was not a success, and 

 the deficit at the close was over $2,500,000. 



Consult Cradle of the Republic: Jamestown and 

 James River ; Yonge's Site of Old "James Towne," 

 1607-1698. 



JAMESTOWN, N. Y., a summer resort and 

 manufacturing city of Chautauqua County, is 

 situated on Chadakoin River, the navigable 

 outlet of the famed Chautauqua Lake, two 

 miles distant. It is in the extreme southwest- 

 ern part of the state, twenty-five miles east of 

 Lake Erie and sixty-nine miles south and west 

 of Buffalo, and is served by the Erie 'and the 

 Jamestown, Westfield & Northwestern rail- 

 roads and by electric and steamboat lines to 

 other resorts on the lake. The population, 

 which in 1910 was 31,297, was reported by the 

 state census of 1915 as 37,780, of whom nearly 

 fifty per cent are Swedish. The area of the 

 city is eight square miles. 



The city is situated on hills at an altitude 

 of 1,300 feet, more than 800 feet higher than 

 Lake Erie. Allen, Dow, Jones and Baker parks 

 and Celoron, an amusement resort on the lake, 

 are places of interest. The Federal building, 

 the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. buildings, 

 the municipal hospital, city hall, furniture ex- 

 position building and James Prendergast Free 

 Library are noteworthy structures. The Agnes 

 Home for Working Girls and the Women's 

 Christian Association Hospital are prominent 

 institutions. 



The city has become a manufacturing place 

 of importance as a result of its water power 

 and a large supply of natural gas obtained 

 from Pennsylvania. The many industrial 

 enterprises include fifty furniture factories, ex- 

 tensive worsted mills, canning factories, and 

 manufactories of stained glass. 



Jamestown was named in honor of James 

 Prendergast, the first settler. The town was 



founded in 1810, incorporated in 1827, and 

 chartered as a city in 1886. The municipality 

 owns the waterworks, electric light and power 

 plant, hospital and market. F.C.B. 



JANESVILLE, Wis., noted for its tobacco 

 industry, is the county seat of Rock County. 

 It is situated on both sides of the Rock River, 

 in the extreme southern part of the state. 

 Madison is thirty-nine miles northwest, Mil- 

 waukee is seventy-one miles northeast and 

 Chicago is ninety-one miles southeast. The 

 city is served by the Chicago & North Western 

 Railway, constructed to the city in 1863, and 

 by the Chicago, Milwaukee & Saint Paul Rail- 

 way, built to this point in 1854. Electric lines 

 extend to towns south. Janesville was set- 

 tled in 1836, was incorporated in 1853 and 

 adopted the commission form of government, 

 with three elective officers, in 1912. It was 

 named in honor of one of the first settlers, 

 whose name was Janes. Germans predominate 

 among the foreign born of the population, 

 which increased from 13,894 in 1910 to 14,339 in 

 1916. The area exceeds seven square miles. 



The city lies mostly in the bottom-lands of 

 the river, between bluffs which rise to a height 

 of 100 feet. Four bridges span the river at 

 this point, and the dams constructed conserve 

 the water power for numerous manufacturing 

 establishments. Most important among these 

 are wagon and carriage and furniture factories, 

 cotton and woolen mills, boot and shoe fac- 

 tories, flour mills and manufactories of foun- 

 tain pens. The section around Janesville is 

 one of the richest agricultural districts in the 

 Northwest, the yield of tobacco being espe- 

 cially abundant; each year great quantities of 

 leaf tobacco are packed and stored. 



The city has a Federal building, constructed 

 about 1905, a city hall, a public library, built 

 in 1908, and a Y. M. C. A. building. It is the 

 seat of the state institution for the blind. In 

 addition to its public school system it has Saint 

 Joseph's Convent and a business college. O.S.M. 



JANIZARIES , jan i za riz, a body of picked 

 troops which gained great power and influence 

 in the Turkish Empire. Part of them consti- 

 tuted the body guard of the sultan, part of 

 them in times of peace did general police duty. 

 At the height of their power the standing force 

 numbered from 25,000 to 100,000, while of 

 trained "militiamen" there were almost 400,000. 

 In time the janizaries became so powerful and 

 unruly that in 1826 the organization had to be 

 abolished by force. Over 20,000 were banished, 

 and nearly as many more were put to death. 



