JERUSALEM 



3141 



JERUSALEM 



meat packing establishments north along the 

 river and pork slaughtering houses along the 

 Passaic River. There are also large grain ele- 

 vators. Among more than 400 industrial enter- 

 prises some of the largest are the Colgate & 

 Company, the American Sugar Refining Com- 

 pany, the Lorillard tobacco factories and the 

 Jos. Dixon Crucible Company. Among the 

 hundreds of manufactures are included almost 

 every kind of article. 



History. The first buildings on the site of f 

 Jersey City were erected in 1633, and the place 

 was originally known as Paulus Hook. Here 

 occurred one of the most brilliant feats of the 

 War of Independence. Fortifications erected 

 by Americans were taken by the British, who 

 were surprised and driven out by a small force 

 under Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lee ("Light 

 Horse Harry") . " The Americans later evacu- 

 ated, and the British again took possession 

 until the end of the war. 



The city was laid out and incorporated in 

 1804. Under the name of Jersey City it was 

 reincorporated in 1820 and in 1838. Bergen 

 and Hudson were annexed in 1869 and Green- 

 ville in 1873. The commission form of govern- 

 ment was adopted in 1913. E.H.R. 



.Consult Muirheid's Jersey City of To-Day. 



JERUSALEM, jeru'salem, the chief city of 

 Palestine, a city of every time and every 

 tongue, theater of the best and the saddest 

 in human history, long buffeted by waves of 

 religious frenzy from the north, south, east 

 and west; pagan, infidel, Hebrew, Christian, 

 Mohammedan Jerusalem a stage where the 

 scenes have shifted for every act of human 

 life. In the history of the city pomp and 

 tragedy, pride and passion, hate and revenge, 

 and the highest love ever known among men 

 have played their parts. Not far from the city 

 gates, on a hill called Calvary, the founder of 

 the Christian faith, bearing a cross of mis- 

 understanding and hate, far heavier than beams 

 of wood, drank the last drop in the cup of 

 human bitterness. To His followers through- 

 out the \vorld Jerusalem is a city peculiar unto 

 itself, and it is no less sacred to the great 

 Jewish race, the people who have kept their 

 ancient faith unsullied through centuries of 

 wandering and persecution. 



Jerusalem lies on a plateau about 2,500 feet 

 above the level of the Mediterranean Sea, 

 within the fork of two ravines, the valley of 

 Kedron on the east and the valley of Hinnom 

 on the south and west. On the southwest rises 



the celebrated hill of Zion, and to the east of 

 the city is the Mount of Olives. 



History. The history of the city can now 

 be traced, through the discovery of cuneiform 

 tablets at Tel-el-Amarna in Egypt, back to the 

 fifteenth century B.C. The name of the city 



MODERN JERUSALEM 



( 1 ) Christian quarter (11) Site of ancient 

 ( 2 ) Mohammedan Temple 



quarter (12) Calvary 



.(3) Armenian quarter (13) Gethsemane 



(4) Jewish quarter (14) Tomb of Absalom 



(5) Church of the Holy (15) Tpmbs of Saint 



Sepulcher James and of 



( 6 ) Street of David Zechariah 



(7) Via Dolorosa (16) Pool of Siloam 



(8) Citadel (17) Tomb of David ' 



( 9 ) Wailing Place ( 18 ) House of Caiaphas 



(10) Dome of the Rock 



occurs on a number of these tablets, written 

 Urusalim, which probably signifies "The City 

 of the God Salim." In the fifteenth century all 

 of Palestine was subject to Egypt and the 

 country was divided up into provinces and 

 sections controlled by governors who were 

 responsible to the Egyptian king. Not long 

 after the close of the fifteenth century, how- 

 ever, Egypt began to lose its hold in Pales- 

 tine and Syria, and when the Hebrews began 

 their conquest of Palestine, about 1200 B. c., 

 we find the country an independent one in the 

 possession of the Canaanites. Jerusalem itself 

 was held by the group or clan known as Jebus- 

 ites, from whom David captured the citadel. 

 The Jewish king fortified the walls and built a 

 palace for himself. In the days of his son and 

 successor, Solomon, the palace was enlarged 



