JIMSON WEED 



3152 



JOAN OF ARC 



tingling and slight itching; if the trouble is not 

 remedied at once, painful festering sores result, 

 though the bite is not fatal. Salt water will 

 relieve the itching, but if the bite progresses 

 to the festering stage, the wound should be cut 

 or burned out. Another species attaches itself 

 to poultry. The harvest mite, which attacks 

 stems and leaves of the butterfly weed, is lo- 

 cally known as jigger in the Southwestern 

 United States. 



JIMSON WEED. See STRAMONIUM. 



JINGO, jing'go, in modern politics, the 

 name given to a party or to an individual dis- 

 playing a blustering, warlike policy or attitude. 

 The term was particularly applied in British 

 political history during the Beaconsfield admin- 

 istration (see DISRAELI, BENJAMIN), 1874 to 

 1880, when the English government was hesi- 

 tating over the policy of interfering in the 

 war between Russia and Turkey. The epithet 

 originated in the chorus of McDermott's War 

 Song, first sung in a music hall in London, 

 which expressed the jingo or war spirit of the 

 Conservative party headed by the Earl of 

 Beaconsfield : 



"We don't want to fight ; 

 But, by jingo, if we do, 

 We've got the ships, 

 We've got the men, 

 We've got the money, too." 



In America the term expressing the same 

 idea of boastfulness is spreadeagleism, and the 

 bombastic war spirit is called jingoism. 



JINRIKISHA, jinrik'ishah, also spelled 

 JINRIKSHA, is a light, two-wheeled, hooded ve- 

 hicle drawn by 

 A 



one man . 

 crosspiece is at- 

 tached to the 

 outer end of the 

 shafts, which en- 

 ables the runner 

 to pull the con- 

 veyance. The 

 hiki, or puller, 

 travels long dis- 

 tances at a brisk 

 pace, frequently 

 covering from 

 thirty to forty 

 miles a day, and 

 arriving at his 

 destination a p - 

 parently little fatigued by his exertions. The 

 jinrikisha was invented in 1869 by an American 

 Baptist minister named Goble; early in the 



THE JINRIKISHA 



same year a Japanese improved the crude 

 original form by supplying springs and adding 

 an overhead hood and wheel guards. The 

 vehicle has been introduced into several Asiatic 

 countries, but is most common in Japan, Cho- 

 sen and in Eastern China. 



JIUJITSU, joojit' soo. See JUJUTSU. 



JOACHIM, yo'aKim, JOSEPH (1831-1907), 

 an Hungarian violinist and composer, consid- 

 ered the greatest master of technique of his 

 period, was born at Kittsee, near Pressburg, of 

 Jewish parents. He made his first public ap- 

 pearance at the age of seven, after which he 

 studied under distinguished masters at Vienna 

 and Leipzig. At the age of eighteen he was 

 appointed leader of the grand duke's band at 

 Weimar, which post he left owing to a disagree- 

 ment with the composer Liszt. From 1853 to 

 1866 he was ponductor of concerts and was solo 

 violinist to the king of Hanover, and in 1868 

 became head of the Royal School of Music at 

 Berlin. His most important work is the Hun- 

 garian Concerto in D Minor; his other compo- 

 sitions include overtures, marches, trios, bal- 

 lads and various forms of chamber music. 

 Joachim was the founder of a quartette which 

 gained an enviable reputation. As a soloist he 

 was called the king of violinists. 



JOAN OF ARC, joan' oj ark, or more prop- 

 erly, JEANNE D'ARC, called THE MAID OF OR- 

 LEANS, was a gentle French peasant girl who led 

 the soldiers of France to victory at the siege 

 of Orleans and who was afterwards betrayed 

 and burned at the stake. She was born in the 

 village of Domremy, France, in 1412. While 

 her brothers and sisters were sent out into the 

 fields with their father, the mother kept Joan 

 at home for the spinning and weaving. She 

 was not taught to read and write, but she 

 learned all that her mother could teach her of 

 sacred things, and she grew to strong 

 comely girlhood, known throughout the villag 

 for her gentleness, her charity, her piety. This 

 pure and innocent young girl was driven bj 

 visions, revelations from heaven she believe 

 them to be, to leave her family and to make 

 her way to the court of the king of Frane 

 Charles VII, then uncrowned. Dressed in he 

 clumsy, red, peasant garments, Joan presented 

 herself humbly to the king, who received her 

 with great ceremony, probably with the ide 

 of disconcerting her, and she finally prevaile 

 upon him to accept her as the rescuer ol 

 France. 



The Peasant Maid Leads an Army. Clad in 

 full armor, with sword and banner, Joan of Arc 



