JOHNSON 



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JOHNSON 



cessfully laid in 1865 (see CABLE, SUBMARINE; 

 FIELD, subhead Cyrus W. Field). Nebraska 

 was admitted to the Union in 1867. 



The last months of Johnson's term were 

 uneventful. He was a candidate for the Demo- 

 cratic nomination for President, and on the 

 first ballot he stood second on the list. The 

 convention finally nominated Horatio Sey- 

 mour, who was defeated by U. S. Grant, the 

 Republican candidate. Johnson's last impor- 

 tant official act was the proclamation, on 

 Christmas Day, 1868, of complete pardon to 

 all who had been directly or indirectly con- 

 cerned in secession. After his return to Ten- 

 nessee he was not satisfied with retirement, 

 and made several unsuccessful attempts to se- 

 cure a seat in Congress before he was finally 

 elected to the Senate. He took his seat in 

 March, 1875, during a short special session. 

 He died on July 31, 1875, as the result of a 

 stroke of paralysis. He was buried at Greene- 

 ville, Tenn., his old home. W.F.Z. 



Consult Jones's Life of Andrew Johnson; De- 

 Witt's Impeachment and Trial of Andrew John- 

 son; Stoddard's Abraham Lincoln and Andrew 

 Johnson. 



JOHNSON, [EMILY] PAULINE (1862-1913), a 

 Canadian poetess whose works first gained wide 

 notice because her father was a full-blooded 

 chief of the Mohawks. Her poems have con- 

 tinued to find an audience, however, because 

 of their fresh themes and her imaginative 

 treatment of nature. One of her most familiar 

 poems is the Lullaby of the Iroquois, a part 

 of which follows: 



Little brown baby-bird, lapped in your nest, 

 Your straight little cradle-board rocks you to 



rest ; 

 It swings from the down-bending branch of the 



oak ; 

 You watch the camp flame, and the curling grey 



smoke ; 



But, oh, for your pretty black eyes sleep is best, 

 Little brown baby of mine, go to rest. 



Pauline Johnson was born at Chiefwood, on 

 the Grand River Reserve, in Ontario. Her 

 father was George Johnson, head chief of the 

 Mohawks, and her mother was Emily Howells, 

 an Englishwoman. Their child was given in- 

 struction by private tutors, and later attended 

 the Brantford Model School. In 1894, while on 

 a visit to England, she published her first vol- 

 ume of verse, The White Wampum. Her later 

 poems were collected in Canadian Born and 

 Flint and Feathers. Among her best poems, 

 which are usually on Indian subjects or on 

 Canadian scenery, are The Death Cry; A Cry 



from an Indian Wife; As Red Men Die'; The 

 Song My Paddle Sings, and In the Shadows. 

 She also wrote two volumes f fiction, The 

 Moccasin Maker and Shagganappi. 



JOHNSON, HIRAM WARREN (1866- ), the 

 man who freed California from the political 

 control of the Southern Pacific Railway, was 

 born in Sacramento and educated at the Uni- 

 versity of California. He was admitted to the 

 bar at the age of twenty-one and was soon 

 recognized as an able lawyer. He did not at- 

 tract public attention, however, until the prose- 

 cution of the graft cases in San Francisco in 

 1906 and 1907. Johnson was assistant prose- 

 cuting attorney for the state, and when Francis 

 J. Heney, in charge of the prosecution, was 

 shot, Johnson took charge of the cases and 

 carried them to success with remarkable 

 ability, securing he conviction and imprison- 

 ment of the most notorious of the defendants. 

 I*n 1910 Johnson was nominated for governor 

 by the progressive branch of the Republican 

 party. He made an automobile tour of the 

 state, giving special attention to the farmers. 

 His slogan was "The Southern Pacific Railroad 

 must be kicked out of state politics," and at the 

 end of a hard campaign he was elected. Dur- 

 ing his first term as governor he disposed of 

 many inefficient officers, established civil serv- 

 ice for state employees, created a railroad 

 commission, instituted the referendum and 

 recall and secured the passage of laws granting 

 woman suffrage and establishing primary elec- 

 tions. 



Governor Johnson took a prominent part in 

 the National Republican Convention of 1912. 

 He opposed the candidacy of President Taft 

 and strenuously objected to the methods and 

 rulings of the Republican National Committee 

 in seating certain delegates. He followed ex- 

 President Roosevelt in forming the new Pro- 

 gressive party and became its candidate for 

 Vice-President. In 1914 he was again nomi- 

 nated for governor and elected by a plurality 

 of 188,500. In 1916 he was sent to the United 

 States Senate, and therefore resigned the gov- 

 ernorship. 



JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1780-1850), an 

 American soldier and statesman, Vice-President 

 of the United States during the administration 

 of Martin Van Buren. He was born in Ken- 

 tucky and received his education at Transyl- 

 vania University, beginning his political career, 

 in 1805, with election to the Kentucky legisla- 

 ture on the Democratic ticket. He was a Rep- 

 resentative in Congress from 1807 to 1819, 



