JOHNSTON 



3165 



JOHNSTON 



resort on account of its picturesque scenery 

 and healthful location. Bristol is twenty-five 

 miles northeast, Knoxville is 106 miles south- 

 west and New York is 625 miles northeast. 

 The East Tennessee & Western North Caro- 

 lina and the Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio rail- 

 ways serve the town. In 1910 the population 

 was 8,502; it increased to 10,925 in 1916, by 

 Federal estimate. It is almost exclusively 

 American. 



The first settlement was made in 1870, and 

 a city charter was granted in 1897. The area 

 exceeds seven square miles. 



Johnson City occupies an elevated site in a 

 beautiful, mountainous district, Roan Moun- 

 tain, 6,313 feet, being the most noted peak. 

 The town also has manufacturing interests 

 which employ about 2,200 people; the most 

 prominent are rolling mills, iron furnaces, ma- 

 chine shops, tanneries and brickyards. The 

 notable buildings are the Mountain Branch 

 of the United State Soldiers' Home, just out- 

 side the town limits; it was established at a 

 cost of $2,500,000. There is also a $71,000 Fed- 

 eral building, and a public library. The East 

 Tennessee State Normal School is located here. 



JOHNSTON, jon'stun, ALBERT SYDNEY (1803- 

 1862), a leading Confederate general in the 

 American War of Secession. He was born in 

 Washington, Ky., and was graduated from 

 West Point in 1826. He became chief-of-staff 

 to General Atkinson in the Black Hawk War 

 and in 1837 joined the Texans in their struggle 

 for independence from Mexico, superseding 

 General Houston as commander-in-chief of 

 the Texan army. After the Mexican War he 

 joined the United States army. In 1857 he 

 commanded the expedition against the Mor- 

 mons in Utah, winning the brevet of brigadier- 

 general for his skill and discretion. At the 

 outbreak of the War of Secession he united 

 his fortunes with the Confederate States, and 

 in 1861 the Confederate government made 

 him commander of the military forces in Ken- 

 tucky and 'Tennessee. At the battle of Shiloh, 

 on April 6-7, 1862, when Grant halted to rest 

 his men and wait for General Buell to join 

 him, Johnston, with a greater force, fell upon 

 the Federals. Grant was driven back, but in a 

 moment of apparent victory Johnston was 

 struck by a rifle ball and soon died. With the 

 exception of Lee, he has been ranked as the 

 ablest of the Confederate generals. 



JOHNSTON, JOSEPH EGGLESTON (1807-1891), 

 an American soldier and Confederate general, 

 born in Cherry Grove, Va. His father was a 



JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON 



jurist, and his mother was a niece of Patrick 

 Henry. In 1829 he was graduated at West 

 Point, Robert E. Lee being a classmate. Dur- 

 ing the Seminole War he acted as aid to 

 General Winfield Scott and earned the brevet 

 of captain, and 

 in the Mexican 

 War he was twice 

 wounded at the 

 battle of Cerro 

 Gordo. In 1855 

 he became colonel 

 of the First 

 United States 

 cavalry, and in 

 I860 was quarter- 

 master-general of 

 the army. 



At the out- 

 break of the War of Secession Johnston re- 

 signed from the army when Virginia seceded, 

 and was soon commissioned a brigadier-general 

 by the Confederate President. He was assigned 

 to a command in the Army of the Shenandoah 

 and took an active part in the first battle of 

 Bull Run in July, 1861, coming to Beauregard's 

 aid with his army. At the battle of Fair Oaks 

 on May 31, 1862, he was wounded, and after- 

 ward was assigned to the military department 

 of Tennessee. He opposed General Sherman in 

 the Atlanta campaign and won the battle of 

 Kenesaw Mountain. His policy of being too 

 cautious was criticized, and in July, 1864, he was 

 superseded by the more venturesome Hood. 

 Early in 1865 he commanded the Carolina 

 Confederate forces, but on April 26 surrendered 

 to Sherman, the terms being similar to those 

 accepted by Lee. He published a Narrative 

 of Military Operations, which was largely a 

 vindication of himself in the charges brought 

 against him. In 1887 he was appointed com- 

 missioner of railroads by President Cleveland. 



JOHNSTON, MARY (1870- ), an American 

 novelist, who takes the facts of early American 

 history and weaves romances about them. She 

 was born at Buchanan, Va., November 21, 

 1870; ill health made it necessary for her to 

 receive her education from governesses. When 

 she was eighteen years old she visited Europe 

 with her father. Notes on her trip were pub- 

 lished in a Virginia newspaper, and this was 

 her first literary contribution. Her first novel, 

 Prisoners of Hope, a romance of Virginia, was 

 published in 1898, and Miss Johnston imme- 

 diately found a place among the literary 

 celebrities of the country. To Have and to 



