JUNGFRAU 



3189 



JUNIUS LETTERS 



JUNE BUG 



The insect pictured is one 

 and three-fourths times natu- 

 ral size. 



of trees and shrubs and often do much damage. 

 The larvae (young) are large white grubs with 

 brown heads, which live in the ground a year 

 or more, eating 

 the roots of grass 

 and small plants. 

 Strawberry plants 

 are commonly in- 

 jured by them. 

 The larvae may 

 be destroyed by 

 an emulsion of 

 dilute kerosene 

 soap, poured into 

 the ground. 

 Kerosene will also 

 kill the adults, 

 which may be 

 enticed into pans 

 of this substance 

 by lights placed 

 over the utensils. 



JUNGFRAU, 

 yoong' jrou, a 

 mountain in 

 Switzerland in the Bernese Alps, twelve miles 

 south of the village of Interlaken. The Jung- 

 frau, whose name means maiden, or virgin 

 mountain, is regarded by a great many trav- 

 elers as the most beautiful mountain of the 

 Swiss Alps. Steep and majestic, and crowned 

 with snow, it rises 13,670 feet above the sea. 

 The ascent of this peak was first made in 1811 

 by two Swiss brothers; later several other dar- 

 ing climbers reached the top by different 

 routes. Any traveler can now easily, and with 

 entire comfort, reach its summit. An electric 

 railroad has been constructed which carries 

 passengers over 11,000 feet up the slopes, the 

 remainder of the trip being accomplished by 

 means of elevators. 



JUNGLE FOWL, jung'g'l foul, the name of 

 a group of birds native to Southern Asia and 

 the East Indies, from which the ordinary do- 

 mestic fowls have descended. It is supposed 

 that they were first domesticated in the Malay 

 Peninsula. The original home of these birds 

 was the jungle, a term derived from jangala, 

 a Sanskrit word meaning" tangled wilderness, 

 or thicket. The wild birds, which are common 

 in India, run with great speed, fly rather high, 

 and roost in trees. The hen cackles in much 

 the same manner as our domestic fowls, but 

 the cock crows like a bantam rooster. The 

 nest is a simple depression in the ground, lined 

 with grass, and ten or twelve eggs are laid. 



JU'NIPER, a group of evergreen trees and 

 shrubs of the cone-bearing family, containing 

 about thirty species, which are found distrib- 

 uted throughout the northern hemisphere, ex- 

 cept in the tropics. The common juniper 

 occurs most frequently as a shrub from two 

 to six feet in height, and throughout its range 

 in North America it grows treelike in size 

 only in a few counties in Southern Illinois. 

 There it attains a height of from fifteen to 

 nearly twenty-five feet and a diameter of from 

 six to eight inches. The rough and thickly- 

 branched trunk is clothed in a bark of a deep 

 chocolate-brown, tinged with red; the lustrous- 

 green leaves are narrow and sharp-pointed and 

 are chalky-white in the upper side, the latter 

 quality being a characteristic only of this spe- 

 cies. Round, bluish-black berries that require 

 two years to ripen are borne by the common 

 juniper. 



Its wood, which is hard, fragrant and yel- 

 lowish-red, verging to brownish in the heart, is 

 of value for veneering when of sufficient size. 

 The dry twigs, roots and berries are used for 

 fumigation, and the berries are used both to 

 flavor gin and in medicinal preparations. From 

 the bark of the plant ropes may be made, and 

 coarse baskets are woven from the roots in 



THE JUNIPER 



The tree, detail of a branch, and fruit. The 

 latter is shown about natural size. 



some parts of the Scottish Highlands. Another 

 important species found in North America is 

 the Virginia juniper, or red cedar, whose beau- 

 tiful red heartwood is extensively used in mak- 

 ing lead pencils and furniture. This wood 

 admirably resists decay and is utilized in mak- 

 ing fence posts. 



JUNIUS, joon'yus, LETTERS, a series of 

 letters, seventy in all, signed "Junius," which 

 appeared in the London Public Advertiser, be- 

 tween 1769 and 1772, and caused a furor in 



