JUNO 



3190 



JUPITER 



English politics. In them the author boldly 

 denounced the inefficiency of several leading 

 members of the Ministry. The Address to the 

 King, published December 19, 1769, was the 

 letter which caused the greatest sensation. In 

 it the king was reminded of the fate of Charles 

 I. Woodfall, the printer and publisher of the 

 letters, was prosecuted, but was acquitted. 

 "Junius" made so many enemies that he never 

 found it safe to reveal his identity. The let- 

 ters have been ascribed to Burke, Lord Shel- 

 burne, Colonel Barre, Wilkes, Lord George 

 Sackville and several others, but it is the gen- 

 eral opinion that Sir Philip Francis was the 

 author. The circumstances surrounding the 

 position of "Junius" correspond with the his- 

 tory of Francis, and the handwriting of "Jun- 

 ius" is very similar to that of Francis, al- 

 though experts differ in their opinions on this 

 point. 



JU'NO, the chief Roman goddess of classical 

 mythology, identified with the Greek Hera. 

 She was regarded as queen of the gods and of 

 heaven, and was also the especial genius of 

 the female sex, worshiped by women as the 

 protectress of all 

 that concerned 

 marriage and the 

 birth of children. 

 She was repre- 

 sented as the jeal- 

 ous and exacting 

 wife of Jupiter, 

 and her life was 

 not a very happy 

 one. She spent 

 a great deal of 

 time in planning 

 punishments for 

 Jupiter's mortal 

 wives or their 

 sons. She was 

 supposed to be 

 a very beautiful, 

 matronly woman. 

 In works of art 

 Juno is sometimes 

 represented as drawn through the air by a pair 

 of sacred peacocks harnessed to her chariot. 

 The goose and the cuckoo were also sacred to 

 her. See MYTHOLOGY. F.J.C. 



JUN'TA, meaning assembly, is a name 

 given in Spain and Spanish-American colonies 

 to a body of persons combined for political 

 or administrative purposes, whether summoned 

 by the sovereign or simply called together on 



JUNO 



their own accord as representatives of the peo- 

 ple. The Whig Junta of England was an 

 organization of the chiefs of that party in the 

 reigns of William III and Anne. The interior 

 committee of the Privy Council under Charles 

 I, which was the beginning of the modern 

 Cabinet, was contemptuously called the Juncto 

 by the Earl of Clarendon. Benjamin Franklin 

 organized a debating society called the Junta 

 which, in 1743, developed into the American 

 Philosophical Society. 



JU' PITER, the Roman mythological name 

 for the king of heaven whom the Greeks called 

 Zeus. Having by strength and cleverness 

 brought about the overthrow of his father, 

 Saturn, he divided the world with his two 

 brothers, giving 

 to Pluto the un- 

 derworld, to Nep- 

 tune the sea, and 

 reserving for him- 

 self the sky, with 

 supreme sover- 

 eignty over gods 

 and men. He 

 married first the 

 goddess of wis- 

 dom, Metis, but 

 becoming 

 alarmed by a 

 prophecy that his 

 first child should 

 be wiser than its 

 father, he swal- 

 lowed his wife. 



JUPITER 



From a bust in the Vati 

 can, Rome. 



This precaution 



proved vain, however, for shortly afterwai 



there sprang from his head, full grown ai 



full armed, the goddess Minerva, whose nai 



became a synonym for wisdom of the highc 



kind. 



As his wife, and the queen of heaven, Jupit 

 selected Juno, but her jealousy and dignit 

 irked him at times, and he solaced himsel 

 with many other wives, both among the g( 

 desses and among mortals. To him were 

 many children, of whom the most famous wt 

 Apollo and Diana, Mars, Hebe, the Fates 

 the Muses. 



Greek artists represented this greatest 

 their gods as a bearded man of middle age, 

 handsome and majestic and generally benig- 

 nant. Beside him perched the eagle, his stroi 

 winged messenger, and in his hands 

 grasped the thunderbolts with which he pun- 

 ished gods and men. See MYTHOLOGY. 



