KAMLOOPS 



3201 



KANGAROO 



was taken by the British during the progress of 



the War of the Nations. It lies between 



French Congo on the east and British Nigeria 



on the west and 



extends from the 



Atlantic coast 



northeastward to 



the southern 



shore of Lake 



Chad. It is 



roughly triangu- 



-" Imm m 



lar in shape, with 

 the northern ex- 

 tremity the apex. 



LOCATION MAP 



The frontier between Nigeria and Kamerun 

 was settled by an agreement signed in London 

 in 1913. The seat of authority is at Beau; the 

 government will be administered through the 

 League of Nations. The most important trad- 

 ing towns are Duala, .Rio del Rey, Kribi, 

 Victoria and Campo; Belltown and Aquatown 

 are the largest native settlements. There are 

 four government schools. Bantu negroes live 

 near the coast; Sudan negroes, inland. Includ- 

 ing 107,270 square acres ceded by France hv 

 1911, Kamerun has an area of 298,400 square 

 miles; it is therefore larger than Texas. 



The coast region has a fertile soil, and there 

 are valuable plantations of cocoa, coffee and 

 rubber. There is also an active trade in palm 

 oil and ivory. Experiments have recently been 

 made in Victoria in the cultivation of vanilla, 

 cloves, ginger, pepper and other products. The 

 colony is rich in hardwood, and ebony is 

 abundant. Iron and gold are found, and cattle- 

 raising is successfully carried on. There are 

 about 150 miles of railway lines in operation; 

 other proposed lines were halted by the War 

 of the Nations. In 1913 a cable to Germany 

 was opened. The white population is 2,000; the 

 natives number nearly 3,000,000. 



KAM' LOOPS, a city in British Columbia,' 

 the chief settlement in the Thompson Valley, 

 a port of entry and the judicial center of the 

 Yale District. It is situated at the junction of 

 the north and south branches of the Thompson 

 River; its name is an Indian word for con- 

 fluence. It is a division point on the main 

 line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, about 

 midway between Vancouver and the Alberta] 

 boundary; the former is 250 miles by rail to 

 the southwest, and the latter is 273 miles east. 1 

 Kamloops is also served by the Canadian' 

 Northern Railway, which has established a 

 division point at Kamloops Junction, three 

 miles away, and runs its trains to Kamloops. ' 



201 



Kamloops is the supply center for a large 

 mining, ranching and hunting district. It is 

 also the governmental center, and in addition 

 to the county court has a Dominion lands of- 

 fice and a provincial registry office. A $500,000 

 hydroelectric plant is owned by 'the city. 

 Kamloops was founded in 1811 as a trading 

 post of the Northwest Company, and a perma- 

 nent settlement was not established until a 

 decade later. It was incorporated as a city in 

 1892. In the early days it grew slowly, but 

 after the mines in this region were opened it 

 prospered rapidly. Population in 1911, 3,772; 

 in 1916, estimated, 5,000. 



KANAKAS, kan'akahz, or kanak'ahz, the 

 Hawaiian word for men, is the name at first 

 applied by white sailors and traders to the 

 native inhabitants of the Hawaiian Islands and 

 later to all slaves, contract laborers, etc., of the 

 tropical Pacific islands, without distinction of 

 origin. The word now is used in the sense of 

 "coolie," ''contract laborer," etc., but has no 

 vogue except in Pacific islands. 



KANE, ELISHA KENT (1820-1857), an Ameri- 

 can physician who became famous as an Arctic 

 explorer, was born at Philadelphia, Pa. Shortly 

 after his graduation in 1842 from the medical 

 school of the University of Pennsylvania, he 

 became surgeon to the American embassy in 

 China. After extended travels through India, 

 Egypt and the continent of Europe he re- 

 turned to America in 1846, and was employed 

 in the government survey of the Gulf of 

 Mexico. In 1850 he was appointed senior medi- 

 cal officer to the Grinnell Expedition in the 

 unsuccessful search for Sir John Franklin 

 (which see). On the return of the expedition 

 Kane published The United States Grinnell 

 Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin a 

 Personal Narrative. In 1853 he resumed the 

 search, and the Advance, under Kane's com- 

 mand, remained frozen in the ice for twenty-one 

 months in latitude 79 north. The 'ship was 

 finally abandoned on account of scarcity of 

 provisions, and the party pushed on to the 

 Danish settlements in Greenland, about 1,300 

 miles distant, in boats and sledges. Kane 

 reached New York in November, 1855. In 

 1856 he published The Second Grinnell Expedi- 

 tion. Failing in health he sailed for Cuba, and 

 died there. 



I KANGAROO, kang ga roo ' , the native name 

 of a curious, strangely-shaped animal of Aus- 

 tralia and neighboring islands. There are forty 

 known species, varying in size from that of a 

 hare to a height of seven feet. The kangaroo 



