KARNAK 



3215 



KATYDID 



buildings are the palace of the grand duke, 

 from which the leading seventeen streets 

 radiate like an expanded fan; a court theater, 

 a court library containing 190,000 volumes, 

 several valuable museums and a hall of fine 

 arts. There is also a fine botanical garden and 

 a school of forestry. Karlsruhe carries on a 

 considerable trade through its locomotives, ma- 

 chinery, carpets, woolens, paper and snuff 

 manufactories. Population, 1910, 134310. 



KAR'NAK. See THEBES. 



KASHGAR, kahsh gahr' , an important politi- 

 cal city of East Turkestan; in Central Asia. 

 It consists of two towns the "old city" and 

 the "new city" separated by the Kashgar, a 

 tributary of the Tarim River. The people, 

 mainly Turks, excel in the making of carpets, 

 silks, gold and silver cloth, cottons, saddlery, 

 etc., and carry on their trade chiefly through 

 Russia. The latter country maintains a perma- 

 nent consul at Kashgar, the only European 

 diplomat in that part of Asia. A Chinese offi- 

 cial with the title of taotai is the chief adminis- 

 trative officer. Kashgar is the center of Mo- 

 hammedan learning in East Turkestan. The 

 environs of the city are noted for great fertility 

 and for a variety of excellent fruit, due to 

 extensive irrigation derived from several rivers 

 and canals. Population, estimated, from 60,000 

 to 70,000. 



KASHMIR, or CASHMERE, kashmeer', 

 noted as the place of manufacture of the 

 famous Cashmere shawls, and called by the 

 Asiatics "the Paradise of India," is an exten- 

 sive principality in the northwest of Hindustan. 

 It is subject to a ruler belonging to the Sikh 

 race, but politically is surbordinate to the 

 British Indian Empire. The area, estimated 

 at 80,900 square miles, is composed of various 

 provinces or districts, of which Kashmere 

 proper is the most famous and interesting. It 

 is a valley surrounded by the gigantic Hima- 

 layas and Hindu Kush mountains and is trav- 

 ersed by the River Jhelum. Ten passes lead 

 through the mountains into this valley, varying 

 in height from about 9,000 to 12,000 feet. 



Despite the cold climate, due to the valley's 

 elevated situation and the snow-crowned 

 mountains which surround it, the region is very 

 fertile and is well watered by streams. For- 

 ests on the slopes, fields of corn, rice crops 

 along the sides of the rivers, rich orchards, and 

 an abundant growth of flowers and fruits have 

 rendered this district famous; indeed, the val- 

 ley is noted for its roses and jasmine, and the 

 extracted oil from these and other flowers forms 



an important article of export. Attention now 

 is being given to the culture of the vine. 

 Jamoo is the capital of the whole principality. 

 Srinagar, the largest town and the summer 

 residence of the native ruler, or maharajah, 

 was founded in the sixth century, coming un- 

 der British protection in 1846. Population of 

 the principality in 1911, 3,158,126. 



Cashmere Shawls, once a treasured posses- 

 sion in the wardrobes of womanhood the civi- 

 lized world over, are made from the inner wool 

 of the wild goat. The shawls are woven or em- 

 broidered by hand in stripes and afterward 

 skilfully sewed together, and their patterns 

 have remained unchanged down the ages. Dur- 

 ing the beginning of the nineteenth century the 

 manufacture of an imitation of Cashmere 

 shawls was begun in Europe, particularly at 

 Paisley, Scotland, where a pure wool shawl was 

 made which became a rival of the true Cash- 

 mere shawl and marked its decline in the 

 world's market. 



KATAHDIN, katah'din, from the Indian 

 word Ktaadn, meaning big mountain, is a 

 prominent peak of the Appalachian Mountains, 

 and the highest mountain in Maine. It is well 

 described by Thoreau in his Maine Woods. 

 The peak is 130 miles northeast of Augusta, in 

 the central part of the state, and has an alti- 

 tude of 5,385 feet. The sides of the mountain 

 are composed of granite and bear glacial 

 scratches produced during the ice age period; 

 and on its summit are found only mosses and 

 lichens and a few stunted plants. It is located 

 in the midst of a wilderness, the Penobscot 

 River being the best means of access to the 

 region. A panoramic view of the surrounding 

 country is obtained from its summit. .. 



KATRINE, kat'rin, better known as LOCH 

 KATRINE, is a picturesque lake in the Lowlands 

 of Scotland, whose beauty has been immortal- 

 ized by Scott's poem, Lady of the Lake. Along 

 its banks is some of the most beautiful scenery 

 of Great Britain, delightfully varied in its 

 combination of forest, lake, river and moun- 

 tain. It is about nine miles long and two miles 

 wide, and is one of the most frequented of the 

 numerous lakes which occupy the deep hollows 

 within the mountain valleys. 



KATTEGAT, kat 1 e gat. See CATTEGAT. 



KATYDID, ka'tidid, the popular name of 

 several species of large, pale-green, long-horned 

 locusts. The name is specifically applied to the 

 species whose song resembles the three sylla- 

 bles ka ti did. The insect produces these notes 

 by rubbing together the bases of its front 



