KAULBACH 



3216 



KAZAN 



wings, on which are little cross-ridges which 

 form a sort of scraper. Only the male can 

 make these sounds, which are heard most fre- 

 quently at the twilight hours, in the late sum- 

 mer and autumn. The day note differs from 

 the night note. There are about twelve kinds 

 of katydids in the United States, a well-known 

 species being the angular-winged. Its 



I love to hear thine earnest voice, 



Wherever thou art hid, 

 Thou testy little dogmatist, 



Thou pretty Katydid ! 

 Thou mindest me of gentlefolks, 



Old gentlefolks are they, 

 Thou say'st an undisputed thing 

 In such a solemn way. 



HOLMES : To an Insect. 



The illustration shows a katydid, one leg, dis- 

 closing location of ear, and a leaf with egg cluster 

 along its edge. 



are flattened, oval and slate-brown; they are 

 laid on the edges of leaves and on the twigs 

 of trees, in double, overlapping rows, early in 

 the fall and at intervals until the frost appears. 

 In the spring the egg splits along the edge and 

 the small katydid appears. See LOCUST; GRASS- 

 HOPPER. 



KAULBACH, kaul'bahK, WILHELM VON 

 (1805-1874), one of the leaders of the modern 

 German school of art, whose fame rests on his 

 cycle of paintings depicting the progress of 

 civilization in typical scenes from the great his- 

 toric periods. The series, which embraces six 

 colossal compositions, decorates the walls of the 

 vestibule of the Berlin Museum, and includes 

 The Tower of Babel, the Glorious Age of 

 Greece, the Destruction of Jerusalem, the Bat- 

 tle of the Huns, Crusades and the Reforma- 

 tion. Kaulbach was born at Arolsen, Waldeck, 

 and first studied at the Diisseldorf Academy of 

 Arts under Cornelius, whom he followed to 

 Munich. From 1849 to the day of his death 

 he was director of the Academy of Painting 

 in that city. His last gigantic painting is the 

 Sea-fight of Salamis (Munich gallery). He 

 also made many illustrations from the works of 

 Goethe, Schiller and Shakespeare, and painted 

 many portraits. As the executor of many im- 



KAUNITZ 



From a medallion. 



portant public commissions he revealed strong 

 power of characterization. 



KAUNITZ, kau'nitz, WENZEL ANTON DOMI- 

 NIK, Prince (1711-1794), for some years the 

 youngest member of the Cabinet of Maria 

 Theresa of Austria. Fitted by education and 

 travel for diplomacy, he entered the service of 

 Charles VI while 

 still a young 

 man. He was al- 

 ways in poor 

 health and was 

 continually ac- 

 cused of frivolity, 

 but nevertheless 

 he was the clear- 

 est of thinkers 

 and one of the 

 ablest diplomats 

 of his day. He 

 was a real patriot, 

 and it was the realization of this that gave 

 him Maria Theresa's complete trust; she in- 

 variably supported his policies. His greatest 

 diplomatic victory was the winning of France 

 to sign the Treaty of Versailles against Fred- 

 erick the Great in May, 1756. After the death 

 of Maria Theresa in 1780 his power in the 

 state steadily declined; in 1792 he resigned, 

 and two years later he died. See MARIA THE- 

 RESA. 



KAW, or KANSA, a tribe of North Ameri- 

 can Indians, belonging to the Siouan stock, and 

 an offshoot of the Osage tribe. They were 

 driven from their original home in Missouri 

 into Kansas by the Dakotas, and drifted from 

 one reservation to another until they settled in 

 what is now Oklahoma, in 1873. They now 

 number about 200. In the days of their primi- 

 tive strength they were active in hunting the 

 buffalo. See INDIANS, AMERICAN. 



KAZAN, kazahn', the chief intellectual cen- 

 ter of Eastern Russia and capital of the govern- 

 ment of the same name, is situated on the 

 Kazanka River, about three miles from its 

 junction with the Volga and 430 miles east of 

 Moscow. Its university, a great seat of Orien- 

 tal learning, founded in 1804, has four fac- 

 ulties and nearly 1,200 students; the insti- 

 tutions connected with it include a library of 

 235,000 volumes, an observatory, a botanical 

 garden and an antiquarian museum. The town 

 contains about fifty churches,' a dozen mosques 

 and the Suyumbeka Tower, venerated by the 

 Tartars. The central parts of the town are 

 occupied by Russians, while the Tartars live 



