KELP 



3220 



KEMP 



make boxes and baskets, pack the fruit, either 

 fresh or preserved, or make it into jams. There 

 are large orchards and gardens within the city 

 limits. Tobacco is raised in small quantities, 

 but only for local demand. Kelowna has a race- 

 track and a municipal park, with a frontage of 

 a mile on Okanagan Lake, and owns its electric 

 light and power plants. The general hospital 

 and the exhibition building are conspicuous 

 structures. Population in 1911, 1,663; in 1914, 

 by the civic census, 3,100. 



KELP, the alkaline ash obtained by burning 

 certain seaweeds of the same name, found on 

 the coasts of Ireland, Scotland and Brittany. 

 It is an important source of iodine, the amount 

 obtained varying from four to fifteen pounds 

 to the ton. About twenty-five per cent of kelp 

 is potassium chloride; common salt, sodium 

 carbonate, sodium and potassium sulphates and 

 potassium or sodium iodide are also present. 

 Formerly the crude alkali obtained from the 

 ash was used in soap-making, but cheaper 

 processes are now employed. Kelp plants, par- 

 tially dried, are used as a fertilizer. Extensive 

 groves of giant kelps, an allied species, are 

 found on the Pacific coast of America. These 

 kelps are now being used as a source of com- 

 mercial potash. 



KEL'VIN, WILLIAM THOMSON, Baron (1824- 

 1907), a British mathematician and scientist, 

 famed for his many discoveries and inventions 

 in physics, and for his labors as electrical engi- 

 neer for the Atlantic cables of 1858 and 1866 

 (see CABLE, SUBMARINE). He was born in Bel- 

 fast, Ireland. After his graduation from Saint 

 Peter's College, Cambridge University, in 1845, 

 he went to Paris and spent a year in the 

 physical laboratory of the celebrated scientist, 

 Henri Regnault. In 1846, when twenty-t\vo 

 years of age, Thomson accepted the chair of 

 natural philosophy in the University of Glas- 

 gow, a position which he held with the greatest 

 distinction for fifty-three years. He was the 

 first editor of the Cambridge and Dublin 

 Mathematical Journal, and in this publication 

 appeared accounts of many of his greatest dis- 

 coveries. He also contributed to other im- 

 portant scientific journals. He was knighted in 

 1866 and in 1892 was raised to the peerage, 

 receiving the title of Baron Kelvin of Largs. 

 British, French and German scientific organiza- 

 tions conferred upon him the highest honors, 

 and the jubilee anniversary of his professorship 

 in 1896 was celebrated by a splendid gathering 

 of all the great scientists of his time from all 

 the countries of Europe. 



Lord Kelvin's work in connection with the 

 laying of the Atlantic cable'^led to his inven- 

 tion of the mirror galvanometer, used in cable 

 signaling, and he also devised the siphon re- 

 corder, which is still employed for receiving the 

 signals. He invented many pieces of electrical 

 apparatus and improved the mariner's compass, 

 freeing it largely from the magnetic action of 

 the iron of the ship. He made discoveries in 

 every field of energy sound, light, heat, mag- 

 netism and electricity and conclusively proved 

 one of the most fundamental principles of 

 modern science, the conservation of energy. 

 Lord Kelvin published more than three hun- 

 dred original papers covering the vast field of 

 his scientific discoveries, and with Professor 

 Tait wrote the very important Treatise on Nat- 

 ural Philosophy. 



KEMBLE, kem'b'l, FRANCES ANNE (1809- 

 1893), an actress and author, better known as 

 FANNY KEMBLE. She made her first appear- 

 ance on the stage in 1829 at Covent Garden, 

 London, as Juliet, and later was successful as 

 Portia and Lady Teazle. Had it not been for 

 the financial troubles of her father she would 

 probably have been celebrated only as a clever 

 writer, for she looked upon the theater simply 

 as a means for earning money. After a suc- 

 cessful trip to America with her father she 

 returned to London in 1847, and from that 

 time made her home alternately in America, 

 England and on the Continent. Her Record of 

 a Girlhood chronicles her earlier successes. At 

 eighteen she wrote a clever but immature 

 drama which showed intellectual vigor. Later 

 she wrote a tragedy, Francis the First, and a 

 book of poems. 



KEMP, ALBERT EDWARD (1858- ), a Cana- 

 dian manufacturer and statesman, who became 

 a member of the Borden Ministry upon its 

 organization in 1911. He was born at Clarence- 

 ville, Quebec, was given a thorough academic 

 schooling, and became a successful business 

 man. He first appeared in politics in 1900, 

 when he was elected as a Conservative to the 

 House of Commons. He held his seat until 

 1908, when he was defeated for reelection, but 

 in 1911 was again elected, and was appointed 

 a Minister without portfolio in the Borden 

 Cabinet. In May, 1915, he was appointed 

 chairman of the War Purchasing Commission, 

 which handled, in the first year of its organiza- 

 tion, contracts for all supplies, except muni- 

 tions, amounting to more than $100,000,000. 



In 1915 and 1916 Kemp was several times 

 acting Minister of Militia and Defense during 



